Simple educational slides on Infertility understanding for undergraduate students and Family Physicians - DR. SUDHIR SHAH

2. Fertility
When There is a copulation
between the Male and Female
Gender at a right time of Menstrual
cycle – Sperm from Male enters the
Ovum of Female and fertilization
takes place ,which is implanted in
the uterus and develop as
Pregnancy , This is called Fertility.
Infertility
Infertility means unable to conceive even after
unprotected coitus by Husband and wife for at least one
year of active sexual life.

3. In Female
The primary genital organs
that play an important role for
the occurrence of pregnancy
are-
Vagina
Uterus,
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries

4. In Male
The primary genital
organs playing an
important role to achieve
pregnancy are
Testes,
Epididymis,
Vas deference,
Seminal Vesicle,
Prostate and
Penis.

5. Hormonal interaction in Female

6. Graffian Follicle

7. Ovarian and Endometrial Cycle

8. Copulation-Ejeculation

9. Ovum Pick up

10. Fertilization

11. Sperm Penitration

12. Chromosomes

13. Cell Divisions

14. Implantation

15. Development

16. So....the Needs of Fertility are
• Normal menstrual cycle Normal vaginal canal.
• Healthy sperm deposition in vicinity of normal cervix in
periovulatory period.
• Cervical mucus permeability.
• Normal uterine cavity, with good endometrium for
implantation.
• At least one patent functional fallopian tube.
• At least one functional ovulating ovary with normal luteal
phase.

17. • Good ovum pick-up by tubal fimbrial.
• Sperm penetration in Ovum
• Embryonic growth.
• Implantation in Endometrial Cavity.
• Needed Hormones for the development of Embryo to
Foetus.
• Any abnormality in any of these factors can hamper
fertility.
• Infertility – Female factors are responsible for 40 %
• Male factors are responsible for 40 %
• Both Male and Female factors are 20%

18. Abnormality Female Factors

19. Counselling
• Proper History taking of couple in details
• Teaching them the science of pregnancy in patients
language
• Blood and Investigation
• Serum FSH LH PROLACTIN Thyroid
• Sugar
• Husband Semen Examination – Further investigation
• Rubin Test – HSG
• Laproscopy and Hysteroscopy

20. Rubin Test and HSG

21. Investigations

22. Follicular Study

23. Semen Examination

24. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
• Sperm density: 60-300 million/ml
• Motility: 60%progressive motility
• Morphology: 60% normal form
• Pus cells: Absent
• Fructose: Present
• Autoagglutination: Absent

25. Management of Infertility
• The etiolological factor of Infertility is diagnosed by
various investigations and the cause is being treated.
Most cases can be managed nicely.
• There are few cases in which all investigations are
Normal - in spite of it they do not conceive. It is
labelled as Unexplained infertility.
• Many cases needs to be treated by Artificial
Reproductive Techniques,( ART) like IUI and IVF.

26. Video Clip

27. Thank
You
From
MANAN IVF CLINIC