Ta2.07 betemariam.capetown land health_shepherd _ betemariam1
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Behavioural Risk Factor and Outcome Surveillance for Effective Soil Health Interventions - presented at UN World Data Forum 2017
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Ta2.07 betemariam.capetown land health_shepherd _ betemariam1
- 1. Keith D Shepherd & Ermias Betemariam Behavioural Risk Factor and Outcome Surveillance for Effective Soil Health Interventions Integrating Household Surveys with Geospatial and Big Data Sources: Applications for Scalability UN World Data Forum 15 - 18 January 2017 Cape Town, South Africa
- 2. Soil ecosystem services - under threat
- 3. Land Health Surveillance & Response Shepherd KD, et al. 2015. Land health surveillance and response: a framework for evidence-informed land management. Agricultural Systems 132: 93–106 Land Health - the capacity of land, relative to its potential, to sustain delivery of essential ecosystem services (the benefits people obtain from ecosystems) Land health surveillance Develop and promote methods for measuring and monitoring land health, assessing land health risks, and targeting interventions to improve agro-ecosystem health and human wellbeing
- 5. Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance Key information needs 1. Quantitative relationships between outcomes and risk factors 2. Change in risk factors over time Once you know the relationships then just need to monitor behaviour: • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance • Activity surveys; telephone interviews; crowd-sourcing • E.g. World Bank LSMS surveys
- 6. New advances in soil health monitoring • Low cost data from sensors – lab, field, space • Data integration • Machine learning Africa Soil Information Service
- 7. Improving small-holder Agricultural statistics through the integration of soil health data into the household socio-economic panel surveys Land and Soil Experiment Research (LASER): Ethiopia and Uganda Importance: • Quantify relationships between risk factors and soil health • Monitor risk factors
- 8. 8 • Household socio-economic data • Subjective assessment of soil quality • Soil sampling • Objective assessment of soil quality Survey Design and data collection
- 9. Soil spectroscopy Rapid Low cost Reproducible Predicts many soil functional properties 9 Lab Analyses
- 11. Lessons learned Methodological improvements in smallholder agricultural statistics enables better decision making Spectral soil analysis a feasible option to improve soil quality data Panel samples of soil health of farm plots can be directly linked to household survey data Demonstrated feasibility of simultaneously quantifying soil health, risk factors and human wellbeing
Editor's Notes
- We are making this presentation in response to growing commitments from countries and organizations to restore degraded land. We present a framework for Behavioural Risk Factor and Outcome Surveillance for Effective Soil Health Interventions
- Soil ecosystems in particular are under threat globally and soil security has become a major issue
- Published in 2015, Land health surveillance and response is a framework for increasing the scientific rigour of land health assessment for policy and management that draws on scientific principles used in public health surveillance. We define land or soil health as… We define land health surveillance similarly to public health surveillance, as …
- Central to the surveillance approach is a risk-based framework. Outcomes such as soil fertility decline are associated with process causes such as soil fertility depletion, which in turn are the result of proximal causes such as low nutrient input use, which in turn are associated with more distal drivers, such as poverty, poor market access and policies. Much of the focus is currently on project-scale rehabilitation interventions, but our work points to the importance of not ignoring preventive opportunities, which need to address interventions higher up the causal chain.
- The key bits of information we need to make informed decisions on soil health management are: (1) the quantitative relationship between outcomes and risk factors and (2) the change in risk factors over time. Once you know the relationships then just need to monitor behaviour – this also provides much earlier warning on trends. Hence much of the current investment in public health is on Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance These are Activity surveys (e.g. land/soil use practices) which are commonly conducted using telephone interviews; but remote sensing and crowd-sourcing of data are increasingly becoming feasible. The World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study collects much of the relevant activity data.
- New advances in soil health monitoring, for example as developed and being applied by the Africa Soil Information Service, are making it cost effective to monitor outcomes on soil health at multiple scales. These combine use of low cost data from sensors in the lab, in the field and in space, with data integration and machine learning. There is now opportunity to couple risk factor and outcome monitoring.
- We won a grant to incorporate a field-scale soil monitoring component in the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study, which has been helping a number of Governments establish household panel surveys and agricultural monitoring over several decades. We piloted a soil fertility monitoring component in two African countries.
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