Despite the general decline in #poverty between 2006 and 2011, poverty levels in South Africa rose in 2015.
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4. 71%
70%
58%
55%
54%
54%
52%
50%
44%
41%
11%
10%
21%
25%
22%
26%
26%
32%
36%
32%
0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0
WC
GP
RSA
FS
MP
KZN
NW
NC
EC
LP
Salaries Remittances Pensions Grants Other sources None
Considerable provincial variations are notable. Western Cape (71,0%) and Gauteng (70,0%) were the only two
provinces in which more than two-thirds of households reported salaries as their main sources of income.
Percentage distribution of main source of income by province, 2016
Source: GHS 2016
5. 63,9%
77,2%
71,9%
88,1%
94,5% 92,2%
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
100,0
Male Female Total
Percentage
All older persons Older poor persons
Nationally, 71,9% of all older persons in South Africa are covered by an old-age grant, whereas the
coverage rate amongst older poor persons (as defined by the UBPL) was notably higher at 92,2%.
Proportion of older persons (60+) receiving old age grants by sex in 2015
6. Government interventions towards poverty and inequality reduction
About 3.6 million households are registered as indigent
households of which;
62,8%
receive free
electricity
67,8%
receive free
piped water
57,6%
receive free
sanitation services
57,6%
receive free refuse
removal services
To date more than 17 million social grants are
issued on monthly basis to people who qualify
the means test
About 4.3 million RDP houses and
subsidies have been delivered since 1994
About 76.2% of pupils in South Africa are
benefiting from school feeding schemes
More than 20 000 schools are declared as
no fee schools
Source: NFCM Source: NFCM
Source: SASSA and Department of Human Settlements Source: Department of Basic Education
7. Source: Gross domestic product (GDP), Q4 2016
Current state vs NDP target: Economic growth
8. 22,3 million
(down by 150 000 q-q)
Labour force
16,1 million
(down by 113 000 q-q)
Employed
6,2 million
(down by 37 000 q-q)
Unemployed
14,9 million
(up by 306 000 q-q)
Not economically active*
*Of which 2,4 million
were discouraged work
seekers
( up by 83 000 q-q)
37,2 million
(up by 157 000 q-q)
people of working age in
South Africa
(15 – 64 year olds)
ILO hierarchy – Employed first then
unemployed and the remainder is NEA
(including discouraged job-seekers).
3 mutually exclusive groups. Cannot be in two
groups at the same time
NDP target 2030
Employment:
24 million
The labour market Q2:2017
10. Reducing the proportion of persons living below
the lower-bound poverty line
Reduce income inequality
Increase the share of income going to the
bottom 40 per cent of households
Reduce poverty-induced hunger
Seeks to tackle poverty
and inequality
24. 52,0 46,8
38,8
40,6
87,6 88,0
77,0
81,3
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
100,0
2006 2009 2011 2015
Percentage
Rural
Urban
In urban areas, the poverty headcount had declined notably from 52,0% in 2006 to
40,6% in 2015.
Poor people living in rural areas were not only further away from the poverty
line on average, but the poorest of the poor in those areas are significantly
worse off than their poor counterparts living in urban areas.
Difference in poverty levels
between Rural and Urban
Poverty headcounts by settlement type (UBPL)
26. 43,3
40,1
31,7
33,0
65,8
57,6
47,8
50,0
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
2006 2009 2011 2015
Percentage
Male Female
In 2015, the incidence of poverty for male-headed households increased to 33% (a 1,3% point increase
from 2011) compared to 50% for female-headed households (a 2,2% point change from 2011)
Notable drop in poverty in male-
headed households between
2009 and 2011
Poverty measures of households by sex of household head (UBPL)
30. 0,72
0,69 0,69
0,68
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,80
2006 2009 2011 2015
Gini coefficient
Gini coefficients (income) saw a very minimal decline over the 10 year period
Gini based on income per capita (2006, 2009, 2011 & 2015)
The Gini coefficient is based on
income per capita including
salaries, wages and grants
32. 350 937
195 336
124 445
67 828
White-headed households (R350 937) spent five times more
than black African-headed households (R67 828) and three
times more than the national average
Black
African
Coloured
Indian
White
444 446
271 621
172 765
92 983
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000
Average Expenditure Average Income
Indians/Asian headed households
(R195 336) spent almost three times
more than black headed households
Average annual household consumption expenditure and income by
population group of household head
33. 30,0%
22,0%
12,5%
9,8%
25,7%
10,5%
34,0%
16,8%
15,4%
23,3%
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
Food Housing Transport Miscellaneous Other
Poor Non-Poor
Poor households spent the largest
proportion (30,0%) of their total
expenditure on food compared to
just 10,5% in non-poor households.
The biggest proportion of household
expenditure for non-poor households
went towards housing and utilities
(34,0%)
Average annual household consumption expenditure for poor and non-poor
households, 2015
35. Reducing the proportion of persons living below
the lower-bound poverty line
Reduce income inequality
Increase the share of income going to the
bottom 40 per cent of households
Reduce poverty-induced hunger
Seeks to tackle poverty
and inequality
Revisiting the NDP
36. 39,0 40
00
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2008 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033
40,0
Reducing the proportion of persons living below the lower-bound poverty
line from 39 per cent (in 2009) to zero by 2030
Reduce poverty-induced hunger to 0% by 2030
21,4
25,2
00
5
10
15
20
25
30
2008 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033
Baseline (2009) Most Recent Figure (2015)
Target
Baseline (2011)
Most Recent Figure (2015)
Target
%
%
37. 0,7
0,68
0,6
0,58
0,6
0,62
0,64
0,66
0,68
0,7
0,72
2008 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033
Reduce income inequality from 0,7 in 2010 to 0,6 by 2030
Baseline (2010)
Most Recent Figure (2015)
Target
6
8,3
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2008 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033
The share of income going to the bottom 40 per cent of
households should rise from 6 per cent to 10 per cent
Baseline (2010)
Most Recent Figure (2015)
Target
%