To explore the definition, causes, and consequences of poverty. Why women are the poor and different cycle of poverty.

1. Basic Concept on Poverty
Sajedul Islam Khan
MSS, Sociology
University of Dhaka
Lecturer
Department of Sociology
Bangladesh University
10 June 2018

2. Content
 Concept of Poverty and General Definition
 Types of Poverty
 Causes of Poverty
 Dimensions of poverty
 Who are poor
 Cycle of Poverty
 Consequence of poverty
 Poverty related pictures

3. What is Poverty
 Poverty is deprivation, alack of access to food,
,shelter, and safe drinking water.
 Poverty is not only about the lack of materials
goods but also lack or denial of opportunities for a
certain sector of the society.
 Amartyasen says “identifying poverty is such a task
which needs focusing on the minimum conditions
of living.”
 Poverty is a result of a combination of 5 main
factors
 Ignorance, Disease, Dependency, Apathy &
Dishonesty

4. Poverty

5. Types of Poverty
 Absolute Poverty: it refers to state of deprivation of basic needs for
examples Food, Water, shelter and Clothing.
 Relative Poverty: It is defined as economic inequality in society in
which people live .Relative poverty is when people are compared to
those around them, or to what others might reasonably be expected to
afford. For examples educational opportunity, Health care, Good
quality housing, Civil Rights, Social opportunity.

6. If you live in absolute poverty
you have none of these basic
things for living.

7.  No holiday way from home in the last 12 months.
 No relative or friend to visit for a meal in the last month.
 Has not had a friend to play, or for tea, in the last month (under 15).
 Did not have a party on last birthday (children).
 Has not had an afternoon or evening out for entertainment in the
last two weeks.
 Does not have fresh meat at least 4 times a week.
 Has had one or more days in the last two weeks without a hot meal.
 Has not had a cooked breakfast most days of the week.
 Household does not have a fridge.
 Household does not normally have a Sunday dinner.
 Household does not have: a flushing toilet, sink or washbasin with
cold water, a fixed bath or shower and a cooker.
RELATIVE POVERTY: TOWNSEND STUDY

8. Reasons for Poverty
 It is the fault of individuals
because they have a different set
of cultural values.
 Immediate Gratification, when
people want pleasures now and do
not work for the future
 Fatalism, when people think,
‘what will be’ and assume they
cannot escape from a bad
situation
 Poor people do not have a good
work ethic and expect bad jobs
 Poor people are the victims of the
unequal distribution of wealth.
 The poor do not have enough
education to deal with money
problems.
 Some people who live in poverty
come from harsh backgrounds
(domestic violence).
 Many people do not possess the
skills to get out of poverty.

9. Causes of Poverty in Bangladesh
 Rapid growth of population.
 Inequitable distribution of land, income and productive assets.
 Death of chief wage- earner.
 Incapability of chief wage- earner through accident, illness, and old age.
 Largeness of family
 Low wage
 Careless housekeeping for improvident expenditure
 Absence of food reserves.
 Natural calamities (river erosion, cyclone, tidal surge, excessive rain).
 Under developed communications system.
 Lack of education and skilled labour.
 Lack of administrative fairness and accountability.
 Limited access to public services.
 Lack of mass people's participation in local government etc.

10. Dimensions of Poverty
There are many dimensions of poverty, they are
Income
Gender
Race
Ethnicity
Nutrition

11. Women and Poverty
“The Feminisation of
Poverty”.
They do not earn as much as
men. They do not have pensions
They are more likely
to be lone mothers
and therefore poor.
Women do not have
access to the money
in the home. When
relationships break
up, they lose out
It is difficult to get jobs when
you provide care for children and
relatives

12. Born poor
Bad nourishment
Ill health
Misses school
Few
qualifications
Low paid
Criminality for
money
Criminal record
Unemployment
Early parenthood
Bad area to live in
Large families
Family break up
Why
people
are
poor?

13. Family Stress
• marital difficulty
• maternal depression
Family Stress
• marital difficulty
• maternal depression
Economic stresses
• housing instability
• lower school quality
• poor health care
• risky neighborhoods
Economic stresses
• housing instability
• lower school quality
• poor health care
• risky neighborhoods
Emotional stresses
• social isolation
• parental stress
• substance abuse risk
• legal problems
Emotional stresses
• social isolation
• parental stress
• substance abuse risk
• legal problems
Parenting Quality
• low investment
• low nurturance / involvement
Parenting Quality
• low investment
• low nurturance / involvement
Child Functioning
• Neurocognitive development
• Stress neurobiology
• Poorer cognitive growth &
educational attainment
• Behavioral and emotional problems
• Poorer health outcomes
• Poorer adult employment & income
Child Functioning
• Neurocognitive development
• Stress neurobiology
• Poorer cognitive growth &
educational attainment
• Behavioral and emotional problems
• Poorer health outcomes
• Poorer adult employment & income
Relational
Influences
• Security of attachment
• Stress buffering support
• Parent-child discourse
Relational
Influences
• Security of attachment
• Stress buffering support
• Parent-child discourse
Consequences of Poverty

14. Some Pictures of Poor Condition

15. Pictures

16. Pictures

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