Not mine by pdst

1. Diet and Health
Energy
© PDST Home Economics.

2. Functions of energy in the body
Basal metabolism - energy needed to keep body
alive when at complete rest.
(BMR=Basal Metabolic Rate)
(Metabolism=sum of all chemical reactions going on in
body)

3. Functions of energy in the body
Thermogenesis includes (a) processes that occur
after eating i.e. digestion absorption transport and
metabolism and (b) heat production.
Growth
Physical activity

4. Cellular Respiration
The process by which energy is
released from food in the cells.
Glucose + Oxygen Energy + Water + carbon dioxide
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6H2O + 6CO2

5. Measuring energy
Measured in kilojoules
(kJ) or kilocalories
(kC).
1kC = 4.184kJ.
1g protein = 4kC
1g Carbohydrate = 4kC
1g Fat = 9kC
1g Alcohol = 7kC

6. Factors that determine energy
needs
Age
Gender
Body size
Occupation-
Active/sedentary
Activity
Pregnancy/Lactation
State of Health

7. Energy balance
To stay the same
weight calorie intake
must equal calorie
output.
Intake higher than
output = weight gain
Intake lower than
output = weight loss.

8. Daily Energy Needs
Age group Male Female
Children 1,500 kC 1,400 kC
Adolescents 2,800 kC 2,300 kC
Moderately Active
Adult
2,800 kC 2,150 kC
Elderly 2,200 kC 1,800 kC
Pregnant
Lactating
2,400 kC
2,800 kC

9. Healthy Eating Guidelines
Eat a good variety of food.
Eat less fat esp. saturated.
Eat less sugar
Eat less salt
Eat more fibre
Eat more fruit and vegetables
Drink more water
Drink less alcohol

10. Food groups
Food Group Examples Nutrients
Cereal/potato Rice, pasta,
bread, potato
Carbohydrate,
fibre
Fruit /Veg Broccoli,carrots,
lettuce, tomatoes
Vitamins,
minerals
Milk/dairy Milk, yoghurt,
cheese.
Calcium, vitD,
protein, choose
low fat varieties
Meat fish and
substitutes
meat,chicken,
fish, cheese,
eggs, beans,
Protein, iron,
choose low fat
varieties

11. Food pyramid

12. DRV=Dietary reference value
RDA=Recommended
dietary allowance
ERA=Estimated
average requirement
RNI=Reference
nutrient intake=RDA
LRNI=lower reference
nutrient intake