The document summarizes the major historical approaches to management from ancient times through the modern era. It discusses ancient management practices, the contributions of Adam Smith and the Industrial Revolution, and the classical approaches of scientific management developed by Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol's principles of management. It also examines the quantitative approach developed during WWII, behavioral science and the Hawthorne Studies, systems theory, and contingency theory. The document is from a management textbook outlining the evolution of management thought over time.