3. CONTENTS
What is Management
4 Functions Of Management
Early Management
Examples Of Early Management
Major Approaches to Management
Classical Approach
Behavioral Approach
Quantitative Approach
Contemporary Approach
4. What is Management?
The organization and coordination of the
activities of a business in order to achieve
defined objectives.
5. 4 Functions Of Management
Management
Organizing Leading Controlling
Planning
11. Classical Approach
The first study of management, often called
Classical Approach, emphasized rationality and
making organization and workers as efficient as
possible.
12. Major Contributors in
Classical Approach
FREDERICK W.
TAYLOR
(1856-1915)
FRANK GILBERTH
(1868-1924)
& LILLIAN GILBERTH
(1878-1972)
13.
14. Theories
Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management
Fayol’s Administrative Theory
Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy
15. Taylor’s Principles Of
Scientific Management
Replace rule of thumb work methods with
methods based on a scientific study of the task.
Scientifically select, train and develop each
worker rather then passively leaving them to train
themselves.
Cooperate with the workers to ensure that the
scientifically developed methods are being
followed.
Divide work and responsibility almost equally
between management and workers. Management
does all work for which it is better suited then the
16. Fayol’s Principles Of
Management
Division of work
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Subordination of individual interests to the general
interest
Remuneration
Centralization
Scalar chain
Order
Equity
Stability of tenure of personnel
Initiative
Esprit de corps
17. Characteristics Of Weber’s
Bureaucracy
The Ideal
Bureaucracy
Division of
labor
Management
& ownership
is separate
Decision
recorded in
writing
Selection
based on
technical
qualification
Position
organized in
hierarchy
Managers
subject to
rules &
procedures
18. Behavioral Approach
The field of study that researches the actions
(behavior) of people at work is called
Organizational Behavior(OB).
22. Quantitative Approach
The Quantitative Approach involves the use of
quantitative techniques to improve decision
making. This approach has also been labeled
operations research of management science.
It includes applications of statistics, optimization
models, information models and computer
simulations.
26. How Do Today’s Managers
Use The quantitative
Approach?
The Quantitative Approach has contributed
directly to management decision making in the
areas of planning and control.
When managers make budgeting, scheduling,
quality control and similar decisions, they typically
rely on quantitative techniques.
The availability of sophisticated computer
software programs to aid in developing models,
equations and formulas has made the use of
quantitative techniques somewhat less
intimidating for managers, although they must still
be able to interpret the results.
33. Contingency Approach
A management approach which says that
organizations are different, face different
situation and require different ways of managing.