This document presents an overview of the basic foundations of physics. It discusses what physics is, the foundational concepts of particles and waves, and the wide range of sizes that particles can be and frequencies that waves can have. It also covers imaging principles, how different types of waves like light, sound, x-rays and radio waves can be used to image both visible and invisible objects. Fundamental laws of wave propagation are discussed, including how higher frequencies provide better resolution but lower penetration depth. Examples of using different frequencies for seismic imaging of the Earth versus ultrasound imaging of human tissues are provided.

1. BASIC FOUNDATIONS OF
PHYSICS
PRESENTDBY:
MUHAMMAD SOHAIB
PRESENTEDTO:
Dr. JAVED IQBAL TANOLI

2. CONTENT
• WHAT is physics?
• FOUNDATION of physics
• TWO questions??
• IMAGING principle
• IMAGING the invisible
• FUNDAMENTAL LAWS of wave propagation
• EXA mples
2
2

3. 3
3

4. What is physics
“The Branch Of Science
Concerned With The Nature And
Properties Of Matter And
Energy”
4
4

5. FOUNDATION OF PHYSICS
particles
waves
& 5
5

6. 6
6

7. WHATIS THE SIZEOF PARTICLES?
Wide Range Of Particle Size
Universe To Elementary Sub-atomic Particles
GEOPHYSICS
Geophysics Is The Physics Of Earth, Space And Planets.
The Study Of :
• Solid Earth
• Its Interior
• Fluid Envelopes (Oceans)
• Atmospheres 7
7

8. 8
8

9. WHATIS THE FREQUENCYOF WAVES?
This Includes The Whole Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS)
Whole Range Of Frequencies Exist In The Universe
EMS – ULTRASOUND
Consider “Eyes & Ears”
Only A Narrow Window In The EMS Is Visible To Us
9
9

10. 10
10

11. ImagingPrinciple
‘‘Reflectors Exist At Points In The Ground Where The First
Arrival Of The Down Going Wave Is Time-coincident With An Up
Going Wave.’’
Claerbout (1971)
• Energy Source(radiation) Band Of Frequencies
• Set Of Mediums Through Which The Radiation Passes
• Sensor Receive The Given Frequencies 11
11

12. FORINSTANCE
• Light Radiation
• Air Medium
• Retina Sensor
• Sound Radiation
• Air Medium
• Ear Drum Sensor 12
12

13. 13
13

14. Imagingthe Invisible
•
• X-rays
• Ultra Sound
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Computerized Tomography Scan (Ct-scan)
14
14

15. Imagingthe Invisible
•
•
• Radio Telescope
• Infrared Telescope
15
15

16. Imagingthe Invisible
•
• Gravity & Magnetic
• Electrical & Electromagnetic
• Ground Penetration Radar (GPR)
• Seismic
16
16

17. FundamentalLawsofWavePropagation
1.Frequency Verses Resolution:
High Frequency > Small Wavelength > View Small Objects
Low Frequency > Large Wavelength > View Large Objects
The Wavelength Is Inversely Proportional To Frequency
Higher The Frequency The Higher Would Be The Resolution.
The Smallest Size Viewed Is 1/4th Of The Wavelength Of That
Frequency. 17
17

18. FundamentalLawsofWavePropagation
2.Frequency Versus Penetration:
High Frequency > Less Penetration
 Low Frequency > Deep Penetration
The Frequency Is Inversely Proportional To Depth Of
Penetration
Higher The Frequency The Lower Would Be The Penetration
18
18

19. 19
19

20. CONCLUSION
“Thus Increasing The Frequency Increases The
Resolution But Decreases The Depth Of Penetration.”
20
20

21. EXAMPLES
Seismic:-
Use Low Frequencies (10-200 Hz)
Have Low Resolution But High Depth Of Penetration
 Suits Us For Imaging The Earth
Ultrasound:-
Uses Comparatively Higher Frequencies (> 20 Khz)
HAVE HIGH Resolution To Millimeters But Penetration Less
Than A Meter
 Suits Us For Imaging The HUMAN TISSUES
21
21

22. 22
22

23. 23
23