nursing

1. MITTAL COLLEGE OF NURSING
AJMER
PRESENTATION ON:- MINOR DISORDERS OF
PREGNANCY
SUBJECT :- OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY:-
MRS. SNEHLATA PARASHAR MISS. NOGIYA SHANTI
(LECTURER) (B.SC. NURSING 4TH YEAR)
(BATCH 2017-18)

2. MINOR DISORDERS
OF PREGNANCY

3. EARLY
PREGNANCY
BREAST TENDERNESS
CAUSES
• Estrogen & progesterone
• Increased vascularity
• Mostly on exposure to cold air
TREAMENT
• Bra with wide shoulder straps
• Dress warmly
• ? Fissures & abscesses

4. PALMAR ERYTHEMA
• Due to increased estrogen levels
• Calamine lotion
CONSTIPATION
CAUSES
• Progesterone
• Weight of uterus
• Oral iron
• Low fiber & fluid
• More tea & coffee
• No exercise

5. TREATMENT
BOWEL RETRAINING
 Correct poor habits & painful lesions
 Brisk walking after a hot drink
 Regular time for toileting
DIETARY REFORMATION
 Increased fibre & fluid intake
 Reduce tea ,coffee & sugar
 Prune juice
 No gas forming foods

6. SPECIFIC DRUGS
 Iron in empty stomach with juice
 No mineral oil /enemas /OTC laxatives
 Can use psyllium /docusate sodium /dulcolax
NAUSEA & VOMITIN
CAUSES
 High hCG
 High progesterone & estrogen
 Low blood glucose
 Low pyridoxine

7.  MANAGEMENT
• Cup of tea /dry crackers /biscuit/sour candy
• Breakfast at 10-11am
• Late evening snack
• No longer than 12 hours between meals
• Restrict fat & have carbohydrate
• Small snacks Q2H
• Don’t brush teeth in empty stomach
• Vitamin B6/ginger capsules

8. PYROSIS
CAUSES
• Reduced gastric motility
• Pressure of uterus
• MANAGEMENT
• Small meals than heavy meals
• Sleep on left side with 2 pillows
• Go to bed 2hours after meals
• Elevate head of bed 30cm
• No coffee tea beverages/tomato
products /citrus juice/fried & fatty foods
• No alcohol/smoking
• Aluminium hydroxide /ranitidine

9. FATIGUE
• Due to increased metabolic requirements
• Have extra rest for 6-8 weeks
 MUSCLE CRAMPS
CAUSES
• Low calcium
• High phosphorus
• Interference with circulation
MANAGEMENT
• Elevate lower extrimities frequently
• Lower milk intake & supplement with calcium lactate
• Regular daily activity
• Increase calcium & magnesium intake
• Exercise
• Keep legs warm

10. HYPOTENSION
MANAGEMENT
• Rest on side
• If supine ,insert a small pillow under the right hip
• Avoid prolonged standing
• Change position slowly
• If fainting occurs,sit with head lowered in between legs /lie down
 HAEMORRHOIDS
• Daily bowel evacuation
• Resting in modified sims’ position
• Knee chest position for 10-15 min at day’s end
• Stool softners
• Cold compress to external haemorrhoids

11. VARICOSITIES
MANAGEMENT
• Rest in sims’position/ on back with legs raised for 15-20 min twice a day
• Don’t cross legs/bent knee
• Do exercise
• Elastic support stocking for cases
• Vitamin C

12. PALPITION
CAUSES
• Circulatory adjustment to accomadate increased blood supply
• During sudden movements
MANAGEMENT
• Reassruance
• Slow, gradual movement
 ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT
CAUSES
• Dextrorotation of uterus
• Accentuated by sudden movement
Sharp Pain in left side
MANAGEMENT
• Change position slowly
• Position of comfort

13. LEUCORRHOEA
CAUSES
• High estrogen
• Increased blood supply
MANAGEMENT
• Loose Cotton underpants
• Sleeping at night without underwear
• Perineal pad
• Never use tampons

14. MID TO LATE PREGNANCY
 BACKACHE
CAUSES
• Lumbar lordosis
• Lax abdominal muscles
MANAGEMENT
• Shoes with low to moderate heels
• Hot application
• Squat to pick up objects
• Lift objects holding them close to the body
• Firm mattress
• Pelvic rocking /tilting exercise
• Adequate rest

15. HEADACHE
 Due to more blood volume to cerebral arteris
MANAGEMENT
• Avoid eye strain & tension
• Cold towels on forehead
• Acetaminophen
• Check BP
 DYSPNES
• Due to pressure on diaphragm
• More when supine / on exartion
MANAGEMENT
• Elevate head of bed
• Sleep on 2 or more pillows
• Limit activities

16. EDEMA
CAUSES
• General fluid retention
• Reduced blood circulation in lower extremities
MANAGEMENT
 Left lateral position
 Sitting with legs elevated for ½ hour in afternoon & eveninig
 Avoid constricting clothes
 Foot exercices
 BRAXTONHICK’S CONTRACTION
• From 8th to12th week
• Noticeable from midpregnancy
• Maternal tension may cause it slightly painful

17. OTHER MINOR DISORDERS
 EPISTAXIS
 Due to engorgement of veins in nasal passages
 Bleeding follows overheating & blowing of nose
MANAGEENT
• Apply pressure
• Apply ice
 INSOMNIA
CAUSES
• Mood changes
• Anxiety
• Changes in body metabolism (nocturia)
• Heartburn
• Nocturnal
• Backache

18. MANAGEMENT
• Day time naps
• Avoid heavy meals in the evening
• Milk drink before sleeping
• Warm bath before sleep
• Extra pillows
• Limit fluids 2 hours before sleep
• No alcohol
 PICA
• Iron replacement if anaemia present
• Multivitamin & mineral supplement
• Iron rich foods

19. CARPEL TUNNEL SYNDROME
 Fluid retention causes pressure on median nerve
MANAGEMENT
• Splint at night
• Hands resting on 2 pillows
• Restrict salt intake
• Flex the fingers while the arm is placed above head
 INTERCOSTAL NEURALGIA
Due to muscle spasm
MANAGEMENT
Site in straight backed chair with cushion for lumbar support
Lateral flexion exercises

20. BELL’S PALSY
 Develop in late pregnancy
 Due to edema compressing the facial nerve
 Relieved spontaneously in 3-4 weeks

21. CONCLUSION
• Many women experience some minor disorder during pregnancy.
• These disorder should be treated adequately as they may escalate and
become life threatening.
• Minor disorder should may occur due to hormonal changes, metabolic
changes and postural changes.
• Every system of body may affected by pregnancy.
 EARLY PREGNANCY
 MID TO LATE PREGNANCY
 OTHER MINOR DISORDERS

22. REFERENCE
 Book Name –Textbook of obstetrics
1. Author name-D.C Dutta
Edition-7th edition
2. Author name- Williams & Wilkins
Edition-22 Edition
 Wikipedia
1. https://www.slideshare.net/sharonAntony8/minor-disorders-of-pregnancy-
and-their-management-82715485
2. https://www.slideshare.net/pinaldarji/minor-disorder-of-pregenancy-ppt

23. THANK
YOU