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- 2. • GOD couldnot be everywhere and therefore He made mothers • No other relation in this world is as beautiful, pure & selfless as that between a mother and her child
- 3. Pregnancy A female undergoesmany changes when she is pregnant
- 4. In this presentation •Symptoms • Food & Diet • Self-care • Medical care • Exercise • Post delivery care
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- 6. Nausea, Vomiting & Acidity Commonin first 3 month Have freq small meals Take medicines regularly Toast, biscuits to decrease nausea Avoid oily food Drink plenty of liquids
- 7. Constipation Common in pregnancy Avoidstraining or sitting long time on a toilet Drink plenty water Avoid fatty foods Eat grain, fruits, vegetables
- 8. Dizziness Sit Stand upslowly or you may feel Turn to a side
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- 10. Leg cramps • Occursuddenly • Mostly in last months • Massage area • Point foot & toes towards face • Increase calcium in diet, e.g. milk, milk products • Exercise regularly
- 11. Breast discomfort • Tender& sensitive • Aerola darker • Increased breast size • Check for inverted nipple • Wear comfortable & supportive bra
- 12. Sleeplessness at night •Decrease stress • Avoid tea/coffee/aerated drinks in evening • Have a cup of warm milk before sleeping • Have a warm bath before sleeping • Do not sleep in afternoon
- 13. Itching & Stretch marks •Heaviness, pressure or itching sensation on tummy • Also on breasts, bottoms, thighs • Coconut oil, Vit E oil or stretch creams • Stretch marks fade into fine silvery medals of motherhood
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- 16. Cravings • Normal • Donot eat unhealthy food • Do not eat road-side food • Eat frequent small meals
- 17. Mood swings • Decreasestress • Talk to friends & relatives • Explain your mood changes to your spouse • Read good books • Listen to music • Avoid horror movies, depressing T.V. progs
- 18. Swelling of feet •Do not keep feet hanging for long • Rest legs on a stool/chair while sitting • Keep a pillow below feet while sleeping • Get urine tested • Remove all jewellery
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- 20. Balanced diet •You arethe only source of food for your baby • Diet should include •Iron •Calcium •Proteins •Vitamins
- 21. Proteins Pulses, dal Egg Groundnut, channa, (chikki) Milk,cheese, dahi, paneer Dry fruits Meat, fish Soyabeans, flour, tofu
- 22. Cereals Mix different cereal &pulses e.g. idli, dosa Rotis-add soya/nachani flour to wheat flour Dali a Make parathas by mixing different flour like besan, wheat or jowar e.g. mooli, gobi
- 23. Fruits & Vegetables Richin vitamins, fibre & minerals 2-4 servings daily 3-5 servings daily
- 24. Calcium 3 glasses of milka day in any form Cheese Curds Paneer Milkshak Buttermilk/las Rasgulla
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- 27. Fats • Oil, ghee& sweets in small quantity • Fats help in absorption of Vit. A, D, E, K. • 1 tablespoon of ghee = 15gms = 135 calories • Visible fat intake should be increased during pregnancy and lactation to 30 gm & 45gm resp.
- 28. Sweets • Sweets insmall quantity • Avoid sugar, use jaggery instead Avoid tea/coffe e, cakes, chocolate s, mithai Have raisins, chickoo, honey, dates
- 29. Water & Salt •Take at least 8 -10 glasses of water • In case of high blood pressure - Reduce salt intake • Eat at regular intervals • Do not fast or feast
- 30. Tips - Diet •Use jaggery instead of sugar • Steaming is best method of cooking • Frying, reheating cause loss of nutrients • Do not use sugar substitutes
- 31. Tips - Diet •Avoid excess of oil/ghee in cooking • Avoid excess of chilly & salt • Avoid maida & sugar base products e.g. cakes, bread, jam, jalebis • Have a balanced diet • Have frequent small meals
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- 33. When should yougain weight ? • 1st trimester :1kg • 2nd trimester :5kg • 3rd trimester :5kg • Total :11kg minimum
- 34. Cleanliness • Trim nailsregularly as they grow faster • Bathe regularly - prevents infection • Keep vaginal area clean • Brush regularly after meals
- 35. Cleanliness • Breast care- wear well fitting bra • Wear low heeled shoes • Do not wear tight clothes • Wear clothes according to the climatic conditions
- 36. Sex & pregnancy •Depending on your health, speak to your doctor • Growing abdomen, increase breast sensitivity – change position • Avoid sex if you have – Unexplained bleeding – Placenta previa (low placenta) – History of miscarriage/preterm labour – Pregnant with twins or triplets • Sexual intercourse or breast stimulation can
- 37. Work & Pregnancy •Age (older mothers may have more problems) • General health (anaemia, DM, high BP) • Pregnancy progress (weight of the baby, complications) • Prior pregnancy problems (bleeding, preterm, growth retardation)
- 38. Work & Pregnancy •Type of work you do (sedentary, tours, sleep) • Hours of work (regular, irregular) • Work risk factors (travel, food habits, stress, chemical)
- 39. Pregnancy & work •Morning sickness • Don’t skip meals • Drink lots of water • Moderate exercise • Posture at work • Plan timely departure • Avoid taking stress • Maternity Leave • Getting enough sleep
- 40. Travel after doctors advice •Avoid long journeys • Avoid crowded transport Safe in 4-6 months only
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- 42. Medications • Folic acidin 1-3 months • Iron & calcium supplement - from fourth month & continued after delivery • Injection tetanus toxoid • Anti D in Rh negative mother
- 43. Blood Tests • Hemoglobin •Blood group • Infection – STDs, TORCH, HIV, Hepatitis B • Diabetes • Fetal abnormalities Urine Test • Infection • Protein
- 44. Sonography • Age offetus • Abnormalities • Placenta site • Due date • Weight of fetus SEX DETERMINATION IS ILLEGAL
- 45. Immunization • Inj. T.T. •2 doses • After 5th month • 4 weeks apart
- 46. Doctor visits • Onceevery month up to 6 months of pregnancy • Once every 15 days in the 7th & 8th month • Once every week in the 9th month • In cases of any emergency
- 47. Medical emergency • Painmay occur regularly at repeated intervals • Leaking of watery fluids from vagina, even if there is no pain • Swelling of feet or hands • Bleeding from vagina • Decreased/Absence of fetal movement
- 48. Labour pains False LabourTrue Labour Timing of Contractio ns Irregular, no increase in frequency Regular, 4-6 min apart, increase in frequency Strength of Contractio ns Weak; not stronger with time Stronger with time, feels vaginal pressure Pain with Contractio ns Felt in the front only Starts in the back & moves to the front Position Contractions stop/slow if you walk/lie down/ Contractions continue in spite of position
- 49. Going to Hospital •Keep your bags ready as you near delivery time • Relax • Remove all jewellery • Remove nail polish, contact lenses • Have only light food if labour pains have started • Carry all your reports, files and medicines
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- 51. Exercise • Walk • UnderDoctor’s guidance • Yoga & Relax • Prevent fall/accidents
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- 53. Breast Feeding • Feedingposition
- 54. Breast Feeding • Breastcare – Clean areola and nipple before and after feed – Wear well-fitting bra • Feeding intervals – every 2 hourly • Cracked nipples – hind milk, ghee, breast cream
- 55. Contraception • Lactational amenorrhoea •Spacing • Contraceptives – condom, POP, IUCD
- 56. Contraceptive methods • Spacingmethods (Temp) – Barrier methods •Male Condoms – IUD – Hormonal methods •COC, Mini pill, EC, Injectable,• Terminal methods (Perm) – Male sterilization – Female sterilization
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- 58. Male Condoms • Fittedon erect penis before intercourse & to be withdrawn carefully • Protection against pregnancy, STD, HIV • Easily available, safe and inexpensive • Can Slip off or tear during intercourse • Effectiveness – Used correctly, - 90% effective – With spermicide (kills sperms) are 95% effective
- 59. Intra Uterine Device(IUD) 1st , 2nd , 3rd generation
- 60. IUD • Most effectivereversible methods of contraception • Copper/Levonorgestrel added to the IUD • Inserted into uterus & kept for required period (3-5 yrs), • Safe in smoking, breast feeding • Can cause heavy menstruation, spotting, expulsion, infection, unusual vaginal discharge
- 61. Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC,OCP) • 2 hormones, oestrogen & progesterone • Orally - 21/24 consecutive days followed by 7/4 pill-free days • Next pack on day after the 7/4 pill-free days • Effectiveness - more than 99% • Not to be used while breast feeding
- 62. Combined Oral Contraceptive •Reduces menstrual cramps and PMS (premenstrual syndrome), • Improves menstrual regularity, lowers risk of anaemia, • Less chances of PID (pelvic inflammatory disease). • Long term use - decrease the incidence of ovarian and endometrial cancer •
- 63. New generation OCP (drospirenone+ethinyl estradiol) •Reduces pimples, oily skin & male pattern hair growth • No weight gain • No increased blood pressure • No changes in blood glucose or cholesterol levels
- 64. Mini pill • Onlyprogesterone given in small doses throughout the cycle • Effectiveness -Approximately 95% • Can be used during breast feeding & in women with cardiac problems • Spotting, Breakthrough bleeding
- 65. Emergency contraceptive pills •Progesterone alone • Orally within 72 hours of unprotected sex • Back up – Sex without using a contraceptive, – Failure of a contraception method (e.g. tearing of condom or having missed 2 or more contraceptive pills) • NOT TO BE USED AS REGULAR BIRTH CONTROL • Effectiveness – 95% effective < 24 hrs – 85% between 25 - 48 hrs – 58% if taken between 49 - 72 hours
- 66. •Nausea, vomiting, lowerabdominal pain, breast discomfort, headache •Pregnancy due to failure/taken by pregnant woman – No effect on foetus •Nursing Mothers - No adverse effect on foetus •Drug interaction - No significant interaction Emergency contraceptive pills
- 67. Injectable contraceptive • Intramuscularsingle progestogen injection • On or before 5th day of menstrual cycle, 3 monthly • Delayed after > 5 days, barrier contraceptives to be used for 7 days • Can be given at any time after delivery or abortion & during breast feeding • Disruption of normal menstrual cycle, no menses, bleeding between menses, spotting • Effectiveness - 99%
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- 69. Male sterilization Piece ofthe tube that carries sperms is removed
- 70. Male sterilization orvasectomy • Male is not immediately sterile & contraceptives to be used for 1st 20 ejaculations/3 months (whichever comes first) until absence of sperms • Does not affect male sex hormone secretion • Effectiveness – almost 100% effective
- 71. Female sterilization • Afterdelivery/at time of abortion/when desired • No long term side effects • Effectiveness - 99.5%
- 72. Female sterilization Laparoscopy MiniLaparotomy
- 73. BEST WISHES FORA HAPPY & HEALTHY PREGNANCY