meaning of disaster and disaster nursing.....disaster is very important in nursing and triage... this presentation is helpful to u all about disaster and disaster nursing..

2. SEMINAR ON-
DISASTER NURSING
BY-
PREETI SHARMA
MSC. NURSING 1ST YR.

3. INTRODUCTION
Disasters are not confined to a particular part of
the world, they can occur anywhere at
anytime. Major emergencies and disasters have
occurred throughout history and as the world’s
population grows and resources become more
limited, communities are increasingly
becoming vulnerable to the hazards that cause
disaster.

4. DEFINITION OF DISASTER
• “A disaster can be defined as “any occurrence
that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss
of human life or deterioration of health and
health service on a scale sufficient to warrant
an extraordinary response from outside the
affected community or area.”
-K. Pork 2007

5. CONCEPTS & MEANING OF DISASTER
• D - Detection
• I - Incident
• S - Safety & Security
• A - Assess
• S - Support
• T - Triage & Treatment
• E - Evaluation
• R – Recovery

6. TYPES
1.NATURAL
DISASTERS
2. MAN MADE
DISASTERS

8. DEFINITION
• Disaster nursing can be defined as “The
adaptation of professional nursing knowledge,
skills and attitude in recognizing and meeting
the nursing, health and emotional needs of
disaster victims”.

9. GOALS
• To achieve the best possible level of health for the
people and the community involved in the
disaster.
• To meet the immediate basic survival needs of
populations affected by the disasters.
• To identify the potential for a secondary disaster.
• To empower survivors to participate in and
advocate for their own health and well being.
• To promote the highest achievable quality of life
for survivors.

10. PRINCIPLES
• Rapid assessment of the situation and of nursing
care needs.
• Triage and initiation of life saving measures first.
• The selected use of essential nursing interventions
and the elimination of nonessential nursing
activities.
• Evaluation of the environment and the mitigation
or removal of any health hazards.
• Prevention of further injury or illness.

11. TEAM MEMBER, GUIDELINES &
PROTOCOL DURING DISASTER
TEAM MEMBER
• Medical superintendent
• Additional medical superintendent
• Nursing superintendent
• Chief medical officer
• Surgery, Medical & Orthopedic facilities
• Blood bank incharge
• Security officer
• Transport incharge
• Sanitary personnel

12. GUIDELINES
One leader should be identified who will issue
instructions usually sequence;
• Information received at health care institution.
• The team leader & members of team are
informed.
• The team member gets ready & is in position
with all necessary facilities.
• Preliminary examination & surgeries

13. PROTOCOLS
First aid kit
Assemble first aid kit for your own and one for each are:
• Sterile bandage
• Cleansing agent soap
• Gloves
• 2 inch sterile gauze pads
• 4 inch sterile gauze pads
• Triangular bandage
• 2 inch roller bandage
• Scissors
• Syringes
• Antiseptics
• Thermometer
• Non prescription drugs (aspirin, anti diarrheal, antacids,
laxatives)

14. Equipments
Certain equipments & material must be check
periodically.
• O2 cylinder with pressure gauze, flow meter &
mask
• Spanner for opening
• Splints
• Medications
• Dressing
• Iv fluids with sets
• Blood sets for collection of blood
• Instruments for dressing, gloves, face mask, color
tags

15. HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER
• Disaster may cause premature deaths, illness
and injuries in the affected community.
• Disaster may destroy the local health care
infrastructure, which will therefore be unable
to respond to the emergency.
• Disaster may create environmental imbalances,
increasing the risk of communicable diseases
and environmental hazards.
• Disaster may affect the psychological,
emotional and social well being of the
population in the affected community.

16. PHASES OF DISASTER
1. • PRE IMPACT PHASE
2. • IMPACT PHASE
3. • POST IMPACT PHASE

17. STAGES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

18. DISASTER TRIAGE
The word Triage is derived from the French
word trier means “ to short out or choose”.
• “Triage is a process which places the right
patient in the right place at the right time to
receive the right level of care.”
- Rice & Abel, 1992

19. AIMS OF TRIAGE
• To sort patients based on needs for immediate
care.
• To recognize futility.
• Medical needs will outstrip the immediately
available resources.
• Additional resources will become available
given enough time.

20. PRINCIPLES OF TRIAGE
• Every patient should receive and triaged by
appropriate skilled health care professionals.
• Triage is a clinic managerial decision and must
involve collaborative planning.
• The triage process should not cause a delay in
the delivery of effective clinical care.

21. TYPES OF TRIAGE
1. SIMPLE TRIAGE-
• Simple triage is used in a scene of mass
casualty, in order to sort patients into those
who need critical attention and immediate
transport to the hospital and those with less
serious injuries.
• This step can be started before transportation
becomes available.

22. 2. ADVANCED TRIAGE-
• In advanced triage, doctors may decide that
some seriously injured people should not
receive advanced care because they are
unlikely to survive.
• Advanced care will be used on patients with
less severe injuries, because treatment is
intentionally withheld from patients with
certain injuries, advanced triage has an ethical
implication.

23. ADVANCED TRIAGE CATEGORIES

24. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND
COMMUNITIES
• Local governments are responsible for the safety
and welfare of their citizens. They act to protect
the lives and property of the citizens protects
public health, carry out evaluation rescues and
maintain public works.
• Local disaster response organization. Should
include local area government agencies such as
fix departments, public apartment fire. They are
also involved in community planning preparation.

25. • For large scale disasters that require a
coordinated community effort. Local volunteer
organizations such as boy scouts, girl’s scouts
and groups can be considered as additional
resources to be used as the need arises.
• Local health care professionals who do not
participate in community organizations that are
officially involved in disaster planning may be
called on to volunteer their services during an
emergency.

26. STATE GOVERNMENTS
• State governments provide financial support to
local government. When a disaster happens,
the state government may have some state
agencies work directly on disaster relief,
works, public work departments, emergency or
civil defense service, and the local branch of
Indian red cross.

27. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

28. ROLE OF NURSE IN DISASTER
• Determine magnitude of the event.
• Participate in the development of community
disaster plans.
• Mitigate all ongoing hazards.
• Establish need for mutual aid relationship.
• Integrate State & Federal resources.
• Define health needs of the affected group.
• Identify actual and potential public health
problems.

29. CONCLUSION
• Nurses provide encouragement, care support to
people during a disaster and are uniquely
qualified to meet the challenges of disaster
nursing. Disasters are not defined to a
particular part of the world. They can occur
anytime, anywhere.
• During disasters, nurses will be called
upon to provide aid and care utilizing their
unique skills, abilities, and understanding of
the community.