SlideShare a Scribd company logo

SWM-UNIT-I.pptx

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
S
SivakumarSivagnanam1

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Engineering
1 of 65
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT- I SOLID WASTES: sources, types, composition, physical, chemical, and biological properties of solid wastes / sources and types of hazardous and infectious wastes in municipal solid wastes. SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND COLLECTION: Handling, Storage, Processing, Transportation Dr.M.S.SIVAKUMAR ME.,Ph.D PROFESSOR IN CIVIL ENGINEERING ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLENG, KODAD
WASTE HIERACHY METOHDS
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx
SWM-UNIT-I.pptx

Recommended

Urban Lake Conservation and Protection - Community Involvement
Urban Lake Conservation and Protection - Community InvolvementUrban Lake Conservation and Protection - Community Involvement
Urban Lake Conservation and Protection - Community InvolvementSaciWATERs
 
Problems associated with use of treated wastewater
Problems associated with use of treated wastewaterProblems associated with use of treated wastewater
Problems associated with use of treated wastewaterChamudithaBenaragama
 
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticles
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticlesShalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticles
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticlesHalaYassinElKassas
 
Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...
Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...
Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
 
Green technology-for-bioremediation-of-the-eutrophication-phenomenon-in-aquat...
Green technology-for-bioremediation-of-the-eutrophication-phenomenon-in-aquat...Green technology-for-bioremediation-of-the-eutrophication-phenomenon-in-aquat...
Green technology-for-bioremediation-of-the-eutrophication-phenomenon-in-aquat...HalaYassinElKassas
 
Crop production powerpoint
Crop production powerpointCrop production powerpoint
Crop production powerpointvjnickybuKenya
 
Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...
Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...
Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...IOSRJAC
 
Biological control of the post harvest diseases of fruits.
Biological control of the post harvest diseases of fruits.Biological control of the post harvest diseases of fruits.
Biological control of the post harvest diseases of fruits.Dinithi De Silva
 

Recommended

Urban Lake Conservation and Protection - Community Involvement
Urban Lake Conservation and Protection - Community InvolvementUrban Lake Conservation and Protection - Community Involvement
Urban Lake Conservation and Protection - Community InvolvementSaciWATERs
 
Problems associated with use of treated wastewater
Problems associated with use of treated wastewaterProblems associated with use of treated wastewater
Problems associated with use of treated wastewaterChamudithaBenaragama
 
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticles
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticlesShalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticles
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticlesHalaYassinElKassas
 
Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...
Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...
Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
 
Green technology-for-bioremediation-of-the-eutrophication-phenomenon-in-aquat...
Green technology-for-bioremediation-of-the-eutrophication-phenomenon-in-aquat...Green technology-for-bioremediation-of-the-eutrophication-phenomenon-in-aquat...
Green technology-for-bioremediation-of-the-eutrophication-phenomenon-in-aquat...HalaYassinElKassas
 
Crop production powerpoint
Crop production powerpointCrop production powerpoint
Crop production powerpointvjnickybuKenya
 
Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...
Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...
Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...IOSRJAC
 
Biological control of the post harvest diseases of fruits.
Biological control of the post harvest diseases of fruits.Biological control of the post harvest diseases of fruits.
Biological control of the post harvest diseases of fruits.Dinithi De Silva
 
Esdm
EsdmEsdm
EsdmLakshay Mendiratta
 
Solid waste and crops
Solid waste and cropsSolid waste and crops
Solid waste and cropsAsmat Babar
 
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewater
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewaterCyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewater
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewaterYousaf Riaz
 
2011 Urban Ecology handout
2011 Urban Ecology handout2011 Urban Ecology handout
2011 Urban Ecology handoutDanielle N. Lee, PhD
 
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.Mohammad Rashidul Islam
 
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening information
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening informationEka Kokadir sharing gardening information
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening informationEka Kokadir
 
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...IIJSRJournal
 
Global Journal of Ecology
Global Journal of EcologyGlobal Journal of Ecology
Global Journal of Ecologypeertechzpublication
 
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...ggamjinwon
 
Community based water resource management
Community based water resource managementCommunity based water resource management
Community based water resource managementIshan Gupta
 
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...Quarry Life Award by HeidelbergCement
 
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of Haiti
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of HaitiCryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of Haiti
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of HaitiPari Doll
 
Cv
CvCv
CvAbu Badsha
 
Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdf
Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdfGeometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdf
Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdfJNTUA
 
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1T.D. Shashikala
 
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AI
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AIIntroduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AI
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AISheetal Jain
 
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission line
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission lineElectrostatic field in a coaxial transmission line
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission lineJulioCesarSalazarHer1
 
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdf
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdfALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdf
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdfMadan Karki
 
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)NareenAsad
 
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdf
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdfDiploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdf
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdfJNTUA
 
Online crime reporting system project.pdf
Online crime reporting system project.pdfOnline crime reporting system project.pdf
Online crime reporting system project.pdfKamal Acharya
 
Quiz application system project report..pdf
Quiz application system project report..pdfQuiz application system project report..pdf
Quiz application system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
 

More Related Content

What's hot

Solid waste and crops
Solid waste and cropsSolid waste and crops
Solid waste and cropsAsmat Babar
 
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewater
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewaterCyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewater
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewaterYousaf Riaz
 
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.Mohammad Rashidul Islam
 
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening information
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening informationEka Kokadir sharing gardening information
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening informationEka Kokadir
 
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...IIJSRJournal
 
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...ggamjinwon
 
Community based water resource management
Community based water resource managementCommunity based water resource management
Community based water resource managementIshan Gupta
 
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...Quarry Life Award by HeidelbergCement
 
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of Haiti
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of HaitiCryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of Haiti
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of HaitiPari Doll
 

What's hot (13)

Esdm
EsdmEsdm
Esdm
 
Solid waste and crops
Solid waste and cropsSolid waste and crops
Solid waste and crops
 
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewater
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewaterCyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewater
Cyclic Phytoremediation of municipal wastewater
 
2011 Urban Ecology handout
2011 Urban Ecology handout2011 Urban Ecology handout
2011 Urban Ecology handout
 
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.
Role of Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystem.
 
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening information
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening informationEka Kokadir sharing gardening information
Eka Kokadir sharing gardening information
 
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...
Some Physiochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Wastewater and Pos...
 
Global Journal of Ecology
Global Journal of EcologyGlobal Journal of Ecology
Global Journal of Ecology
 
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...
Drafr slide for the potential environmental threats in disposing of hazardous...
 
Community based water resource management
Community based water resource managementCommunity based water resource management
Community based water resource management
 
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...
Invasive species as a treat to local biodiversity: integrated approach on Bud...
 
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of Haiti
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of HaitiCryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of Haiti
Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment of Haiti
 
Cv
CvCv
Cv
 

Recently uploaded

Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdf
Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdfGeometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdf
Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdfJNTUA
 
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1T.D. Shashikala
 
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AI
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AIIntroduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AI
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AISheetal Jain
 
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission line
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission lineElectrostatic field in a coaxial transmission line
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission lineJulioCesarSalazarHer1
 
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdf
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdfALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdf
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdfMadan Karki
 
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)NareenAsad
 
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdf
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdfDiploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdf
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdfJNTUA
 
Online crime reporting system project.pdf
Online crime reporting system project.pdfOnline crime reporting system project.pdf
Online crime reporting system project.pdfKamal Acharya
 
Quiz application system project report..pdf
Quiz application system project report..pdfQuiz application system project report..pdf
Quiz application system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
 
5G and 6G refer to generations of mobile network technology, each representin...
5G and 6G refer to generations of mobile network technology, each representin...5G and 6G refer to generations of mobile network technology, each representin...
5G and 6G refer to generations of mobile network technology, each representin...archanaece3
 
Filters for Electromagnetic Compatibility Applications
Filters for Electromagnetic Compatibility ApplicationsFilters for Electromagnetic Compatibility Applications
Filters for Electromagnetic Compatibility ApplicationsMathias Magdowski
 
Interfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters ee3404.pdf
Interfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters ee3404.pdfInterfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters ee3404.pdf
Interfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters ee3404.pdfragupathi90
 
Artificial Intelligence Bayesian Reasoning
Artificial Intelligence Bayesian ReasoningArtificial Intelligence Bayesian Reasoning
Artificial Intelligence Bayesian Reasoninghotman30312
 
Activity Planning: Objectives, Project Schedule, Network Planning Model. Time...
Activity Planning: Objectives, Project Schedule, Network Planning Model. Time...Activity Planning: Objectives, Project Schedule, Network Planning Model. Time...
Activity Planning: Objectives, Project Schedule, Network Planning Model. Time...Lovely Professional University
 
Microkernel in Operating System | Operating System
Microkernel in Operating System | Operating SystemMicrokernel in Operating System | Operating System
Microkernel in Operating System | Operating SystemSampad Kar
 
analog-vs-digital-communication (concept of analog and digital).pptx
analog-vs-digital-communication (concept of analog and digital).pptxanalog-vs-digital-communication (concept of analog and digital).pptx
analog-vs-digital-communication (concept of analog and digital).pptxKarpagam Institute of Teechnology
 
Electrical shop management system project report.pdf
Electrical shop management system project report.pdfElectrical shop management system project report.pdf
Electrical shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
 
BORESCOPE INSPECTION for engins CFM56.pdf
BORESCOPE INSPECTION for engins CFM56.pdfBORESCOPE INSPECTION for engins CFM56.pdf
BORESCOPE INSPECTION for engins CFM56.pdfomarzaboub1997
 
Online book store management system project.pdf
Online book store management system project.pdfOnline book store management system project.pdf
Online book store management system project.pdfKamal Acharya
 
Supermarket billing system project report..pdf
Supermarket billing system project report..pdfSupermarket billing system project report..pdf
Supermarket billing system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdf
Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdfGeometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdf
Geometric constructions Engineering Drawing.pdf
 
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1
Research Methodolgy & Intellectual Property Rights Series 1
 
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AI
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AIIntroduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AI
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and History of AI
 
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission line
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission lineElectrostatic field in a coaxial transmission line
Electrostatic field in a coaxial transmission line
 
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdf
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdfALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdf
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION- Beer Brewing Process.pdf
 
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)
Operating System chapter 9 (Virtual Memory)
 
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdf
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdfDiploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdf
Diploma Engineering Drawing Qp-2024 Ece .pdf
 
Online crime reporting system project.pdf
Online crime reporting system project.pdfOnline crime reporting system project.pdf
Online crime reporting system project.pdf
 
Quiz application system project report..pdf
Quiz application system project report..pdfQuiz application system project report..pdf
Quiz application system project report..pdf
 
5G and 6G refer to generations of mobile network technology, each representin...
5G and 6G refer to generations of mobile network technology, each representin...5G and 6G refer to generations of mobile network technology, each representin...
5G and 6G refer to generations of mobile network technology, each representin...
 
Filters for Electromagnetic Compatibility Applications
Filters for Electromagnetic Compatibility ApplicationsFilters for Electromagnetic Compatibility Applications
Filters for Electromagnetic Compatibility Applications
 
Interfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters ee3404.pdf
Interfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters ee3404.pdfInterfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters ee3404.pdf
Interfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters ee3404.pdf
 
Artificial Intelligence Bayesian Reasoning
Artificial Intelligence Bayesian ReasoningArtificial Intelligence Bayesian Reasoning
Artificial Intelligence Bayesian Reasoning
 
Activity Planning: Objectives, Project Schedule, Network Planning Model. Time...
Activity Planning: Objectives, Project Schedule, Network Planning Model. Time...Activity Planning: Objectives, Project Schedule, Network Planning Model. Time...
Activity Planning: Objectives, Project Schedule, Network Planning Model. Time...
 
Microkernel in Operating System | Operating System
Microkernel in Operating System | Operating SystemMicrokernel in Operating System | Operating System
Microkernel in Operating System | Operating System
 
analog-vs-digital-communication (concept of analog and digital).pptx
analog-vs-digital-communication (concept of analog and digital).pptxanalog-vs-digital-communication (concept of analog and digital).pptx
analog-vs-digital-communication (concept of analog and digital).pptx
 
Electrical shop management system project report.pdf
Electrical shop management system project report.pdfElectrical shop management system project report.pdf
Electrical shop management system project report.pdf
 
BORESCOPE INSPECTION for engins CFM56.pdf
BORESCOPE INSPECTION for engins CFM56.pdfBORESCOPE INSPECTION for engins CFM56.pdf
BORESCOPE INSPECTION for engins CFM56.pdf
 
Online book store management system project.pdf
Online book store management system project.pdfOnline book store management system project.pdf
Online book store management system project.pdf
 
Supermarket billing system project report..pdf
Supermarket billing system project report..pdfSupermarket billing system project report..pdf
Supermarket billing system project report..pdf
 

SWM-UNIT-I.pptx

  • 1. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT- I SOLID WASTES: sources, types, composition, physical, chemical, and biological properties of solid wastes / sources and types of hazardous and infectious wastes in municipal solid wastes. SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND COLLECTION: Handling, Storage, Processing, Transportation Dr.M.S.SIVAKUMAR ME.,Ph.D PROFESSOR IN CIVIL ENGINEERING ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLENG, KODAD
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.