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2. Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage,
refuse or rubbish is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are
discarded by the public.
Composed of:
 40% Paper
 17.6% Yard Waste
 8.5% Metals
 7.0% Glass
 7.4% Food
 8% Plastics
 11.5% Miscellaneous
40%
18%
8%
7%
7%
8% 12%
Paper Yard Waste
Metals Glass
Food Plastics
Miscellaneous

3. Municipal Solid waste can be classified into following types
 Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper (can
also be recycled).
 Recyclable material: paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, certain plastics,
fabrics, clothes, batteries etc.
 Inert waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt, rocks, debris.
 Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) - electrical appliances, TVs,
computers, screens, etc.
 Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste plastics such as
toys.
 Hazardous waste including most paints, chemicals, light bulbs,
fluorescent tubes, spray cans, fertilizer and containers
 Toxic waste including pesticide, herbicides, fungicides
 Medical waste.

4. Over 72% of all our MSW goes into the ground in landfills. About
15% is burned and only 13% is recycled or reused.
Landfills have been the method most societies have used to get
rid of garbage. A landfill is a special pit that has been dug in the
ground to hold garbage
When waste is burnt heavy metals like lead, toxic gases and
smoke spreads over residential areas. The wind also carries
waste, dust and gases caused by decomposition.

5. Pollution of water resources by improperly or inadequately
treated wastewater (sewage) contaminates ecosystems, drinking
water supplies and is a leading cause of human disease
worldwide (some 3.5 million people, mostly children under 5 die
every year, about 9,000 people every day
Sewage Water is untreated water that comes of industries
carrying toxic waste material and that and organic-type
wastewater from human habitations for example, urine and feces

6. Advantages:
Organic-type waste water contain urine and feces, are among the very
few natural substances of extreme ecological importance; their richness
and potential productivity are such that they were highly valued for
millenaries in human societies throughout the globe. Fecal matter
(which when mixed with water is commonly called "black water") is
very rich in nutrients: 5-7% nitrogen and 3-5% phosphorus
These nutrients are the main components of most chemical fertilizers.
Life promoting, both to microbes and plants, these materials greatly
facilitates the formation of rich soils.

7. Disadvantages:
Diseases caused by sewage pollution such as diarrhea, cholera and
typhoid. In addition to urgent human health issues, we know that
untreated sewage is a leading cause of global coral reef decline, oxygen
depletion,
Killing of Aquatic life and ecological degradation of rivers and lakes
with the increasing pollution of already limited underground water
tables and sources of our drinking water.

8. Waster material or sewage water release to agricultural fields
cause sudden change in soil mineral (organic and in-
organic)composition resulting in change in microbial activity of
soil harming soil fertility.
Solid waste and sewage water also harms roots of crop plants
that can make it difficult for plant to take up nutrient, ultimately
plant becomes weaker and dies.

9. Moreover, sewage water and solid waste contain toxic material
that if , uptake by plants and result in low production
Boron-can decrease plant growth and excess boron in MSW
composts may be a problem for the agricultural plants.
Leafy vegetables – like Spinach, broccoli, cabbage, can cause
damage to human body if it is grown near solid waste dumps and
sewage water sites, because their leave ma carry those heave
metal and toxic material produced by MSW and sewage water.
Effect Of Solid Waste On
Crop Plants

10. The municipal solid waste industry has three components:
recycling, composting, and land filling. The primary steps are.
1. Collection
2. Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the
source
3. Separation and processing and transformation of solid wastes
4. Transfer and transport
5. Disposal
Activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of
value and are either thrown out or gathered together for
disposal.

11. Trash to Compost
 Composting is a natural biological process. Carried out under
controlled conditions, it hastens the decomposition of organic waste
and reduces its volume, creating stable, soil-enriching humus
Proper management, selection and supply of MSW that is
important for soil can help in increase soil fertility also help in
suitable dumping and usage of MSW
Processed MSW can also use as a component in in-organic
fertilizer

12. Improper waste disposal and lack of adequate management plan in
Pakistan has been significant issue related to waste management.
Recent years have scene some progress on this front through
collaborative initiatives between government and civil society but much
more is needed to uplift the flimsy scenario in this area of environment
protection and conservation.
Crops fields located near cities facing a huge loss due to this MSW and
sewage water , as the MSW dump near these fields, toxic chemical and
hazardous material for crops penetrate into the soil, harming plant
health and soil fertility

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