UNEFM Ciencias de la Educación Educación en Lenguas Extranjeras mención Ingles

1. Universidad Nacional Experimental
“Francisco de Miranda”
Área Ciencias de la Educación – Mención Inglés
Unidad Curricular: Lingüística General
Communicative Competence
Prof. Cristina Chirino

2. Saussure’s theory
Langue:
The word french for “language”. It has to do
with the system of language, that is the
arrangements of sounds and words which
speakers have a shared knowledge of, or
as Saussure said “agree to use”.
Parole:
The actual use of language.

3. Competence:
A person’s internalized grammar of a language.
This means a person’s ability to create and
understand sentences, including sentences they
have never heard before.
E.g. I want to go home & I want going home
Performance:
The actual use of language by individuals in
speech or writing
Chomsky’s theory

4. Communicative Competence
The ability not only to apply the
grammatical rules of a language in
order to form grammatical correct
sentences but also to know when and
where to use these sentences and to
whom.

5. Examples on C.C.
I were at home yesterday.
The cow that was flying in a funny way is my…
I am very sad. My husband died.
Oh. What a surprise…Congratulations!
On the other hand & On the other foot
By the way & by the road.

6. Communicative Competence
Social phenomenon Mental phenomenon Pragmatic phenomenon
Saussure
Langue Parole
Abstract
linguistic
Knowedge
share
by all
people
How people
speak
according to
idisincratic
knowledge
Noam
Chomsky
Knowledge
about
the
language
Competence Performance
Real use
of the
language
Dell Hymes Canale and Swain
Communicative Competence
The ability to
answer
If something is
Made up of four
interrelated
components
*Grammatically
possible
*Feasible
*Appropiate to
the context
*In fact done
Grammatical
sociolinguistic
Strategic
Discourse
Language as a
differenciates
distinguishes
Discourse
Comp.
Ability to
connect
sentences
Grammatical
Comp.
Knowledge of
lexical items
Strategic
Comp.
Ability to
make up repairs
in
communication
Sociolinguistic
Comp.
Knowledge of
sociocultural
rules and of
discourse

7. Communicative Competence
Language Competence
(Bachman,1990)
Organizational Competence Pragmatic Competence
Textual Comp.
Grammatical Comp.
Vocabulary
Morphology
Syntax
Phonology
Cohesion
Rethorical organization
Illocutionary Comp.
Ideal functions
Manipulative F.
Heuristic F.
Imaginative F.
Sociolinguistic Comp.
Sensitivity to dialect
or variety, register,
and
Figures of speech

8. Strategic Competence
Ability of speakers to use
verbal and non-verbal
communication strategies to
compensate for breakdowns
in communication or to
improve the effectiveness of
communication (Richards et
al, 1996)

9. Learning Strategies
Intentional behaviours and thoughts that
learners make use of during learning in
order to better help them understand,
learn and remember new information
(Richards et al, 1996).

10. Taxonomy of Learning Strategies
(Rebecca Oxford, 1990)
Metacognitive
strategies
Affective strategies
Social strategies
Memory
Cognitive
Compensation
strategies
Indirect Strategies
(metacognitive)
Direct Strategies
(cognitive)

11. Communication Strategies
“Potentially conscious plans for
solving what to an individual presents
itself as a problem in reaching a
particular communicative goal”
( Faerch and Kasper, 1983: 36)

12. Dornyei’s Classification of Strategies
Avoidance Strategies Compensatory Strategies
Message
abandonment
Topic
avoidance
Message
unfinished
Language
difficulties
Topic
areas
Concepts
Techniques
Learners
Conversation going
because of
is leaving is avoiding
that pose
or
used by
so as to keep
are
Prof. Cristina Chirino

13. Dornyei’s Classification of Strategies
Circumlocution Describing or exempliflying the target object or action.
e.g. a cloth for my nose (handkerchief)
Code- switching
Appeal for help
Word coinage
All purpose words
Creating a non-existing L2 word based on a supposed
rule. e.g . immoral, amoral but unmoral
Extending a general, empty, lexical item to contexts where
specific words are lacking. e.g. tree, plant, food, car
Using a L1 word with L2 pronunciation. e.g. How can I
say Libro in english?
Asking for help from the interlocutor either directly or
indirectly.

14. Dornyei’s Classification of Strategies
Time-gaining strategies
Using fillers or hesitation devices to fill poses and
to gain time to think.e.g. well, ah, ok.
Literal translation Translating literally a lexical item, idiom, compound
word or structure from L1 to L2. e.g. I have 2 years.
Foreignizing
Using a L1 word by adjusting it to L2 phonology and
/or morphology.e.g. telefono, virus.
Pre-fabricated patterns Using memorized stock phrases. E.g. by the way,
for example.
Non-linguistic signals Mime, gesture, facial exppressions or sound imitation.