This document discusses a study of communication strategies used by English language learners at Kampung Inggris Pare Kediri. It identifies the types of communication strategies used by the learners, which include gestures, code switching between English and their native language, and getting assistance from other speakers. It also describes the process that learners go through when applying these strategies, such as encountering a communication problem, choosing and attempting a strategy, and getting feedback from other speakers on whether the strategy succeeded or failed. The study found that strategies helped learners overcome communication issues but interlocutors did not always understand the intended meaning when strategies were used.

1. Widiarini
S891108119
COMMUNICATION
STRATEGIES USED
BY ENGLISH
LEARNERS AT
“KAMPUNG
INGGRIS” PARE
KEDIRI

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Introduction
Language learners
provided various
communicative task
problem
Using strategies to
overcome
communication
problem

3. Preliminary observation
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V : Well friends, let’s start our discussion today.
W : Okay….what is… (Hang out the shoulder and look at
Y)
Y : the topic?
V : It’s about consuming a drug.
Y : Drug? Is it same with medicine or not?
X : Drug make you want consume it again and again.
Z : hmmm….want consumes it again and again, do you
mean kecanduan?
What we call kecanduan in English?
W : you can say “addicted” of a drug.
X : Yes I mean like that.

4. Communication Strategies
(CSs)
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Definition of CSs
The present research
defines CSs as any
conscious attempts
used to overcome
problems in
communication both
individually and
cooperatively with the
interlocutors.

5. The aims of the research
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1. To identify kinds of CSs used by
English learners
2. To describe process of applying
CSs to achieve communicate goal

6. Methods
• Research design : Qualitative case study
• Research site : BEC –Kampung Inggris
• Participants : Four TC learners
• Data : learners’ utterances
• Source of data : discussion activity
• Data collection technique: observation
• Data analysis : familiarizing and
organizing, coding and reducing, and
interpreting and representing.
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7. Findings
1. Types of CSs used by English learners
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8. Findings
2. The Process of applying CSs to
Achieve Communication Goal
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9. Conclusion
1. This research contributes to the integrated study of CSs at both
a theoretical and practice by adopting collaborative model of
communication as proposed by Wilkes-Gibbs (1986), Clark and
Schaefer (1987, 1989) and Wilkes-Gibbs (1997).
2. The data analyses reveal that English learners make use of
various kinds of CSs to overcome their problem in
communication.
3. The data analyses conducted also reveal that when a CS is
used by the learner, the interlocutor in certain occasion is able
to infer what speaker is trying to communicate. Meanwhile, in
other cases, the interlocutor is not able to understand and
accept the intended meaning that is presented by making use of
a CS.
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10. References
• Clark, H.H., & Schaefer, E.D. (1987). Collaborating on Contribution to Conversation. Language and Cognitive
Processes, 2 (I), 19-41.
• Clark, H.H., & Wilkes-Gibbs, D. (1986). Referring as Collaborative Process. Cognition, 22, 1-39.
• Dobao, A.M.F. & Martinez, M.P. (2007). Negotiating Meaning in Interaction Between English and Spanish Speakers Via
Communication Strategies. Atlantis , 29(1), 87-105. Retrieved on July 2014 from
http://www.atlantisjournal.org/papers/29_1/AMFern%C3%A1nlez-IPalacios.pdf
• Dornyei, Z. & Kormos, J. (1998). Problem-solving Mechanism in L2 Communication. SSLA, 20, 349-385.
• Dornyei, Z. & Scott, M.L. (1997). Communication Strategies in a Second Language: Definitions and Taxonomies.
Language Learning, 47(1), 173-210.
• Ellis, R. (2008). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Færch, C. & Kasper, G (1983). Plans and Strategies in Foreign Language Communication. In: Færch, C. & Kasper, G.
(Ed). Strategies in Interlanguage Communication. New York: Longman.
• Gairns, R., & Redman, S. (2013). Oxford Learner’s Pocket: Phrasal Verbs and Idioms. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Lin, Grace Hui Chin. (2011). A Case Study about Communication Strategies as Translation Strategies. Retrieved from
http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED534084.
• Saputra, Krisna I. (2014). Communication Strategies Employed by Students in the English Study Program of University
PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban. Unpublished Thesis of University of Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
• Tan, K.H, Nor Fariza, M. N., & Mohd Nayef, J. (2012). Communication Strategies Among EFL Students- An
Examination of Frequency of Use and Types of Strategies Used. GEMA Online Journal of language Studies,
12(3), 831-848.
• Tarone, E. (1983). Some Thoughts on the Notion of Communication Strategy. In: Færch, C. & Kasper, G. (Ed).
Strategies in Interlanguage Communication. New York: Longman.
• Wilkes-Gibbs, D. (1997). Studying Language Use as Collaboration. Communication Strategies, Psycholinguistic and
Sociolinguistic Perspective. Gabriele Kasper and Eric Kellerman (Ed).. London: Longman. 238-274.
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