Ethics

1. QUIZ
• Philosophy deals with questions while Logic deals with
(1)_____. In this sense, Logic serves as a (2)_____ of
Philosophy in arriving at valid and consistent answers to
questions. (Arguments) (Method)
• If the material object of Philosophy is “questions”, the
question about “what is real” is the (3)_____ of (4)what
major field of Philosophy? (Formal Object) (Metaphysics)
• (5)Scientific Logic refers to man’s gift of reason. Yes or
no? (No)
• When logic is being used involving data, procedure, and
validity, then it is treated as a (6)_____ (Science)
• If (7)_____is a proposition involves in (8)_____,
Rhetorical and (9)_____ are characteristics of
(10)_____ (Premise) (Syllogism) (Dialectical) (Informal
Logic)

2. LOGIC AND ETHICS

3. 1. Discuss clearly the definition of Ethics
2. Explain the concept of “dictates of
reason”
3. Discuss the classification of action in
relation to the norm of morality
4. Differentiate the two Ethical Systems
and explain each of their opposing
principles
5. List the importance of ethics

4. ETHICS
(its derivation)
ETHOS
Characteristic
way of acting
MOS or MORES
Tradition or
custom

5. ETHOS
Includes The
Following
Cultural
Mannerisms
Religion
PoliticsLaws
Social
Aspirations

6. He is able to distinguish
between good and evil, right
and wrong, moral and immoral
He feels within himself an
obligation to do what is good
and to avoid what is evil
He feels himself accountable for
his actions, expecting reward or
punishment for them
The
ethos of
man as
man is
revealed
in the
following

7. “Man is expected
to conducts
himself
according to the
dictates of
reason”

8. Refers to the shared
consciousness of prudent
people about propriety of a
certain action or manner of
Behavior
It shows what is permissible
in a given situation
DICTATES of REASON

9. CLASSIFICATION
of ACTION in
RELATION to the
NORM of
MORALITY
MORAL
(good actions)
IMMORAL
(bad actions)
AMORAL
(indifferent
actions)

10. ETHICS
The
science of
the
morality of
human act
The study
of human
motivation
The study
of human
rational
behavior

11. “without civic morality,
community perish; without
personal morality their
survival has no value”
BERTRAND RUSSEL

12. IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
It is an
indispensable
knowledge
It is the only true
measure of what
man ought to be
It is the
foundation of
every human
society

13. ATHEISTIC
APPROACH
Assumes that only
matter exist and that
man is responsible
only to himself since
there is no God who
creates and rules the
universe
Morality is an
invention of man to
suit his requirements
and to preserve his
society
THEISTIC
APPROACH
Begins with the
assumption that God
is the Supreme
lawgiver and
everything must
conform to His eternal
plan of creation
Man exercises his
freedom in
accordance with God’s
will and there are
absolute principles of
morality which is
immutable
TWOETHICAL
SYSTEMS

14. ATHEISTIC PRINCIPLES
Matter is the only reality
Man is matter and does not have spiritual
dimension
Man is free and must exercise his freedom to
promote the welfare of society
There is no life after death
Man is accountable only to the state

15. THEISTIC PRINCIPLES
God is the Supreme Creator and lawgiver
Man is free and must use his freedom to
promote his personal and social interests along
with his fellowmen
Man has an immortal soul which cannot die
Man is accountable for his actions, both good
and evil

16. HUMAN
ACT
• Actions performed by man, knowingly and freely
• Also called deliberate, intentional, or voluntary
actions
ACTS OF
MAN
• Actions which happen in man
• They are instinctive and are not within the control of
the will
MORALITY
• The quality of human acts by which they are
constituted as good, bad, or indifferent

17. It must be performed
by a conscious agent
who is aware of what
he is doing and of its
consequences
It must be performed
by an agent who
decides willfully to
performed the act
It must be performed
by an agent who is
acting freely, that is,
by his own volition
and powers
ESSENTIAL
ATTRIBUTES
OF
HUMAN
ACTS

18. KINDS OF HUMAN ACTS
WISH The tendency of the will towards something, whether this
be realizable or not. Its object may include the impossible,
or, that which is remotely possible
INTENTION The tendency of the will towards something attainable but
without necessary committing oneself to attain it
CONSENT The acceptance of the will of those needed to carry out
the intention
ELECTION The selection of the will of those means effective enough
to carry out the intention
USE The command of the will to make use of those means
elected to carry out the intention
FRUITION The enjoyment of the will derived from the attainment of
the thing he desired earlier

19. IMPUTABILITY OF HUMAN ACT
a person is like the
captain of a ship
who assumes full
responsibility and
accountability for
his decisions
It involves the
notion of guilt or
innocence. It may
be praiseworthy or
blameworthy and
attributed only to
the doer as their
principal cause
It implies that the
doer is either
deserving of
reward or
punishment which
is the basic
requirement of
justice
IMPUTABILITY
Means that the person performing the act is liable for such act

20. QUIZ NEXT MEETING
DISMISS!