This lecture is about "Hepatitis b virus" presented by Rufia Abbas, she from Gilgit, Pakistan. For video: https://youtu.be/rIll9JPhhiQ

1. Presented by: Rufia Abbas

2. HEPATITIS B
• Hepatitis B, sometimes called Hep B virus
HBV, is part of a group of hepatitis viruses
that attack the liver.
• It is the member of hepadenaviridae, it is
an enveloped with icosahedral
nucleocapsid core containing a particular
double stranded DNA genome.

3. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• Hepatitis B virus can be spread
and transmitted by several ways,
including:
• Exposure to infected blood
• Sexual transmission
• Needle sharing
• Parenteral route

4. SYMPTOMS
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Joint pain
• Jaundice

5. RISK GROUPS FOR HBV INFECTION
• Infants born to mothers with hepatitis B virus
• People who inject drugs or share needles, syringes, and other types of
drug equipment
• Sex partners of people with hepatitis B virus
• People who live with someone who has hepatitis B virus
• Health care and public safety workers exposed to blood on the job
• People on dialysis

6. HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Prevalence:
In Pakistan 7 to 9 million carriers of hepatitis B virus with carrier
rate of 3-5 %.
 The prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies greatly in
different part of the world . The prevalence of chronic HBV infection
worldwide could be categorized as high, intermediate and low
endimicity.

7. HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Prevalence:
If symptoms occur, they begin an average of 90 days (range:
60–150 days) after exposure to HBV
Detection of HBV involves
• Serum
• Blood test
• Antibodies
Diagnosis

8. HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Diagnosis: (serology)
•
•
indicating infectious person.
Used to make hepatitis B vaccine.
(HBsAg)
•
•
Indicating recovery and immunity.
In successfully vaccinated person.
(anti-HBs)
•
•
Indicating replicating virus.
Person has high level of HBV
.
(HbeAg)

9. HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Treatment:
Treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus may include:
Antiviral medications.
Several antiviral medicines — including
• entecavir (Baraclude)
• tenofovir (Viread),
• lamivudine (Epivir), adefovir
• (Hepsera) and telbivudine

10. HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Vaccination:
Hepatitis B vaccine is available for all age groups.
The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants,
all children or adolescents younger than 19 years of age
who have not been vaccinated,
• All adults age 19 through 59 years, and
• Adults age 60 years or older with risk factors for
hepatitis B infection.

11. References
• Bonino F, Chiaberge E, Maran E, Piantino P (1987). "Serological markers of HBV
infectivity".
• Dane DS, Cameron CH, Briggs M (April 1970). "Virus-like particles in serum of patients
with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis".
• Villa E, Fattovich G, Mauro A, Pasino M (January 2011). "Natural history of chronic
HBV infection: special emphasis on the prognostic implications of the inactive carrier
state versus chronic hepatitis".
• Oliveri F, Brunetto MR, Actis GC, Bonino F (November 1991). "Pathobiology of chronic
hepatitis virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma.