medical surgical nursing

1. INTRODUCTION
(UNIT-I )
Submitted to- Submitte by-
Ma’am Jisa Alice joy
Principal nursing tutor
School of nursing school of nursing
St catherine st catherine hospital

2. From time immemorial man has
been, the intrested in trying to
control disease. The medicine
man, the priest, the
herbolist,and the magician all
undertook in various way to cure
man’s disease and to bring to
relief to the sick.

3. Medicine in antiquity:-
 Primitive medicine-
The prehistoric man, motivated By
feelings of sympathy and kindness,
was always at the behest of his
kindered,trying to provide relief, in
times of sickness and suffering.
The first doctor was first man and the
first woman was the first nurse.

4. Indian medicine-The medical
system that is truly Indian
origin and development are
ayurveda and sidha system.
Chinese medicine-Chinese
medicine claims to be the
world’s first organised body of
medical knoweledge dating
back to 2700BC.

5. Greek medicine-The classic
period of Greek medicine was
the year of 460-136BC. Panacea
and Hyfiea gave rise to
dynasteies of healers(curative
medicine)andhygienist(preventi
ve medicine)with different
philosphies.

6. MODERN MEDICINE-The
dichotomy of medicine in two
branches-
1.Curative medicine.
2.Preventive medicine.

7. Theories of illness- Before the
discovery of microorganism
several theories explaining the
cause of disease were put
forward.
1.Germ theory
2.Web of causation.
3.Multifactorial causation theory.
4.Epidemological triad.

8. Nursing process-
The nursing process is an organized,
systematic and deliberate approach
to nursing with the aim of
improving standards in nursing
care

9. Steps of the Nursing Process-

11. ASSESSMENT-Assessment is the
deliberate and systematic
collection of data to determine a
client’s current and past health
status and functional status and to
evaluate the client’s present and
past coping patterns

12. TYPES OF NURSING ASSESSMENT-
Initial assessment(nursing
admission assessment)
Problem focused assessment(intake
and out put chart)
Emergency assessment
Time lapsed assessment

13. Data Collection–
 Is the process of gathering information about a
client’s health status.
 It must be both systematic & continuous
 To prevent the omission of significant data &
 reflect a client’s changing health status.
 To collect data clearly both the client & nurse must
actively participate.

14. TYPES OF DATA COLLECTION-
 Subjective Data
Objective data

15. NURSING DIAGNOSIS-
A clinical judgment about an
individual , family or
community response to actual
or potential health problems
and life processes

16. Formulating diagnostic statements-
A. Two part statements: Problem (P0 and Etiology(E)
E.g.: Constipation related to prolonged laxative use
B. Three part statements: Problem (P), Etiology (E)
and Signs and symptoms (S)
E.g.: Constipation related to prolonged laxative use as
evidenced by abdominal pain and discomfort .
C. One part statements: for wellness diagnoses and
syndrome diagnoses
E.g.: Readiness for enhanced parenting; Rape – Trauma
syndrome

17. NANDA DIAGNOSIS (North American
nursing diagnosis)
1.Actual diagnosis
2.Risk nursing diagnosis.
3.Wellness nursing diagnosis.

18. PLANNING-
It is the third phase of the nursing
process in which the nurse and client
develops client goals/ desired
outcome and nursing interventions
to prevent, reduce or alleviate the
client health problems.

19. IMPLEMENTATION -
Implementation is the fourth step of
nursing process begins after the care
plan has been developed.

20. EVALUATION-
Evaluation is a planned , ongoing
purposeful activity in which the
nurses determines:
The client progress towards
achievements of goal/outcomes
The effectiveness of nursing care plan.

21. NURSING CARE PLAN-
A nursing care plan outlines the
nursing care to be provided to an
individual/family/community. it is a
set of actions the nurse will
implement to resolve/support
nursing diagnoses by nursing
assessment.

22. Characteristics-
Its focus is holistic, and is based on the
clinical judgment of the nurse, using
assessment data collected from a nursing
framebook.
It focuses on client specific nursing
outcomes that are realistic for the care
plan.
It relate to the future.
It is a product of a deliberate systematic
process.