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2.  Fever or pyrexia is defined as a rise in body
temperature above 98.6 degree Fahrenheit.
Fever is not a disease but it is a sign. Fever is a
protective function of the body as rise in
temperature prevents growth of pathogens.

3.  Fever is caused by inflammatory process of
infection, surgical trauma, heat stroke from
exposure to hot environments, allergic reactions
to foreign proteins etc.

4.  Fever or pyrexia is classified in many types depending
upon pattern and level of temperature.
 Onset - onset of fever or invasion of fever is the time
period when the body temperature starts rising and
increasing continuously.

5.  Fastigium – fastigium or stadium of fever is a
stage of fever where temperature reaches to
maximum body temperature in a fever episode
and remain constant at high level.

6.  Decline – decline of fever is a stage of fever
when body temperature starts declining and
reaches to normal.
 Crisis – when body temperature return to
normal suddenly it is termed as crisis

7.  True crisis– when body temperature return to normal
suddenly with improvement in patient’s general condition it
is known as true crisis
 False crisis – when body temperature return to normal
suddenly without improvement in patient’s general
condition it is known as false crisis

8.  Lysis– when body temperature return to normal slowly in
zig zag manner in 2-3 days , it is termed as lysis
 Constant fever– when body temperature fluctuates not
more than two degree bewteen morning and evening but
does not return to normal it is known as constant fever.

9.  Remittent fever– when body temperature fluctuates more
than two degree between morning and evening but does
not return to normal it is known as constant fever.
 Intermittent fever– when body temperature rises from
normal to high and back to normal at regular intervals.

10.  Inverse fever– when body temperature is highest in
the morning and lowest in the evening it is known as
inverse fever.
 Hectic fever– when the difference between high and
low point of body temperature is very high than it is
called as hectic fever

11.  Relapsing fever– when body temperature becomes normal
for 2-3 days than suddenly increases again than it is known
as relapsing fever.
 Low pyrexia– when the body temperature does not rise up
to 100 degree fahrenheit than it is called as low pyrexia.

12.  Moderate pyrexia– when the body temperature remains
between 100 to 103 degree fahrenheit than it is called as
moderate pyrexia.
 High pyrexia– when the body temperature does not rise
above 103-105 degree fahrenheit than it is called as high
pyrexia.

13.  hyperpyrexia– when the body temperature rises above 105
degree fahrenheit than it is called as hyperpyrexia or
hyperthermia.
 hypothermia– when the body temperature falls bellow 95
degree fahrenheit than it is called as hypothermia

14.  First of all body temperature should be checked and
recorded in patient’s record.
 In case of low pyrexia the room temperature
adjustment may be sufficient. The room should be
well ventilated.

15.  Electric fan may be switched on for ventilation.
 Cool drinks may be give to the patient to drink
 Apply cold compress and ice packs to reduce body
temperature

16.  Hypothermic blankets or mattresses may also be
used
 Antipyretic drugs are administered as per physician’s
order.
 Provide plenty of fluid to increase hydration of the
client.

17.  The patient is encouraged to visit a physician to
diagnose underlying cause of fever.
 If the patient is in hospital than physician should be
informed and TPR charting should be done.
 Provide soft diet to maintain nutrition.

18.  To ensure adequate rest and sleep maintain a calm and
quiet environment.
 Help the patient to change position frequently to prevent
skin breakdown.
 Ask the patient to wear cotton garments if possible as they
will absorb seat and enhance comfort.

19.  Encourage the patient oral hygiene to prevent dryness of
the mouth, and lips.
 After oral hygiene apply emollients or cream on lips to
prevent cracks.
 Sponge bath is given daily to keep the client clean and fresh.

20.  Never leave the patient of high fever alone because rigor or
convulsions may start any time.
 Try to reduce body temperature by more frequent cold
sponging because continuous high fever may damage brain
cells.
 If shivering (rigor) starts, cover the client with blanket and
apply warmth using hot water bottle

21.  warm drinks should be given to the patient.
 Provide safety to the client and prevent him from falling
from the bed.
 Soon after the shivering stops patient may feel hot and
temperature may become very high then remove blanket
and provide a thin blanket .

22.  Cold compress is given on forehead to relieve congestion
and headache at this stage.
 Temperature is carefully monitored every 15 minutes till it
comes to normal
 Patient may have sweating after rigor. Provide clean clothes
to the client and help him to keep the skin dry.

23. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )