Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic. It is one of the world’s biggest public health problems We now know that an increasing number of patients are infected by micro-organisms which have developed a resistance to antimicrobial agents. This resistance is now a real threat to public health in world wide.

1. Assignment
Course Title: Pharmacology-I
Course code: BPH-224
Assignment on: Antibiotic Resistance
Submitted to
Dr.Md.Sarowar Hossain
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacy
Daffodil International University
Submitted by
Shopnil Akash
ID: 181-29-059
Section: 19th PC-A
Department of Pharmacy
Daffodil International University
Submission Date : 28 . 10. 2019

2. Contents
Antibiotics................................................................................................................................................... 2
Antibiotic Resistance .................................................................................................................................. 2
Knoleddge about Antibiotics ...................................................................................................................... 2
Viral Infections ........................................................................................................................................... 1
How Can We Prevent Antibiotic Resistant Infections? .............................................................................. 3
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Antibiotics
Antibiotics are drugs that prevent and fight infections caused by bacteria. Antibiotics work by either
killing bacteria or stopping them from multiplying. Antibiotics do not have any effect on viruses.
Penicillin was the first antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929, but it was not until the early
1940s that its true potential was acknowledged and large scale fermentation processes were developed for
the production of antibiotics.They have been used to treat a wide variety of often dangerous illnesses
caused by bacteria.In the early years, new antibiotics were developed faster than bacteria developed
resistance to them.
Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic. It is one of the world’s
biggest public health problems We now know that an increasing number of patients are infected by micro-
organisms which have developed a resistance to antimicrobial agents. This resistance is now a realthreat to public
health in world wide.
Knoleddge about Antibiotics
The World Health Organization conducted a survey where Only 20% of the people interviewed during
the survey gave four right answers to the following statements (the European average number of right
answers stands at 2.3 out of 4): Antibiotics kill viruses (false), Antibiotics are effective against colds and
flu (false), Unnecessary use of antibiotics makes them become ineffective (true), Taking antibiotics often
has side-effects, such as diarrhoea (true)
Viral Infections
Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. They will not help you get better faster, and they will not
stop you from spreading your infection, as viruses are often contagious prior to symptoms appearing.
0
10
20
30
40
50
Bangladesh Nepal India Pakisthan
Most Antibiotics registrance country in
South Asia

4. There are two main ways for bacteria Registrance to antibiotic
1. To stop the antibiotic from reaching its target at a high enough concentration
2. To modify or bypass the target that the antibiotic acts on
How Can We Prevent Antibiotic Resistant Infections?
 Do not ask for antibiotics when your doctor thinks you don’t need them.
 Only take antibiotics when prescribed, and take them exactly as your doctor prescribes.
 Do not share antibiotics.
 Prevent infections by practicing good hand hygiene and getting recommended vaccines.
 Do not take an antibiotic for a viral infection, such as: cold, flu, most coughs and bronchitis, sore
throats (except strep throat), and some ear infections
 Always Follow the advice of a qualified Health Care Profesional before taking antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
In order for antibiotic awareness campaigns to achieve their goal, it is necessary therefore not only to
prove the public health benefits but also to demonstrate that antibiotics are totally ineffective against
viruses. Campaigns must be ongoing, and they must also reflect local conditions. This survey has shown
that there are significant differences between Member States.
General practitioners seem to be best placed to convey this type of message and must be involved in these
campaigns, although awareness campaigns via TV advertisements targeting the general public remain
pertinent as a way of reaching the widest possible audience. A mix of media and sources of information
(including television) might therefore be used in order to raise awareness and have as broad and lasting
an impact as possible.