This document provides information about what defines something as living or not living. It lists six key characteristics of living things: cells, response to stimuli, homeostasis, reproduction, DNA, and metabolism. Non-living things are defined as lacking these traits. Examples are given for each characteristic, such as cells making up multicellular and unicellular organisms, and pupils responding to light levels. The document also briefly discusses ecology, taxonomy, and natural selection.
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Living vs Not Living Classification
1.
2. Living vs. Not living?Living vs. Not living?
• List 6 things that are LIVING
• List 6 things that are NOT LIVING
• Describe why you chose what you chose
• Be ready to discuss your answers
with the class!
3. Living Things Have CellsCells
• A cell is a membrane-covered structure that
contains all the materials necessary for life.
• Some life forms are made of trillions of cells
(multicelllular); some are made of only one
cell (unicellular).
Each dog is made up of trillions of cells.
Each paramecium is only one cell.
4. Living Things Sense & Respond toSense & Respond to
ChangeChange
• Organisms change in response to a
stimulus.
• A stimulus can be light, sound, gravity,
chemicals, hunger, etc.
Pupils change size in response to light.
Plants grow toward
a light source.
5. Living Things Sense & Respond toSense & Respond to
ChangeChange
• Homeostasis - The maintenance of a
stable internal environment.
This ne e ds to happe n e ve n whe n e xte rnal
co nditio ns chang e dram atically.
Stomata cells in a leaf enable
Gases to enter and leave.
Humans sweat to maintain a
stable body temperature.
6. Living Things ReproduceReproduce
• Organisms make other organisms
similar to themselves.
Sexual reproduction – Two
parents produce offspring that
share characteristics of both
parents.
Asexual reproduction – A single
parent produces offspring identical
to the parent.
A liverwort reproducing asexually.
7. Binary Fission: Parent cell
splits into two.
Fragmentation: Parent breaks
into fragments, which develops
into a new organism.
Budding: Bud stays attached to the
parent until fully developed, then
breaks away into a new organism
Types of Asexual Reproduction
8.
9. Living Things Have DNADNA
• The cells of all living things contain the
molecule DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
• DNA controls the structure and function of
cells.
DNA is passed from parent to
offspring. This is called heredity. A model of DNA.
10. Living Things Use EnergyUse Energy
• Metabolism is the combination of all
chemical reactions that occur in an
organism to break down or build up
materials.
• Plants use energy to make food
and use the food they make.
• They are producers or
autotrophs.
• Animals use energy to break
down food, move, and
build cells.
• They are consumers or
Heterotrophs.
11. Living Things Grow and DevelopGrow and Develop
Wood frog
Oak tree
• Regardless of their original size, all
organisms get larger during their
lives.
12. Ecology-Ecology- study of relationsstudy of relations
and interaction of organismsand interaction of organisms
and environmentand environment
33. Domain Archaea
-Prokaryotes (single cell; no
nucleus)
-Different from bacteria- cell wall &
genetics
-Live in HARSHenvironments
M. Smithii
human gut
M. jannaschii
smokers deep in ocean
Halobacteriales
salty environments
42. What’s in a Name???
• Rather than have a name that is 8 words
long a two part scientific naming system
was adopted that used the genus and
species. Carolus Linnaeus
• Naming Rules
1. Genus first and ALWAYS capitalized
2. Species 2nd
not capitalized
3. always written in italics
• EX: Mountain Lion
–Genus= Pum a
–Species= co nco lo r
•
46. Writing a key…..
1. List all the different characteristics of
the items in the group.
2. With each description try to identify
an individual item or divide the group
into two smaller groups
3. If the choice does not end in an item
identification direct the reader with a
“Go to step __”
47.
48.
49.
50. Natural SelectionNatural Selection
•Evolution- populations change over
time
•Trait- inherited characteristic
•Artificial Selection- forced a trait to be
inherited
•Natural Selection: organisms with
advantageous
traits reproduce more successfully
•Genetic Diversity= adapted to
environment
53. Natural Selection~Natural Selection~
DoL9DoL9
•Overproduction: more offspring!!!
Some will not survive
•Genetic Variation: More diversity =
more change that some traits will be
advantageous!
•Selection: More advantageous traits
give “boost” to survival
•Adaptation: Traits that help survive
in environments overtime. Help
population bettersurvive!!