This document provides information on promoting fetal and maternal wellbeing during pregnancy. It discusses danger signs of pregnancy like vaginal bleeding or fever that require medical attention. It also outlines signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension. The document then covers various self-care activities, appropriate exercise, nutrition, antenatal checkups, and management of minor disorders like backache, constipation, and frequent urination that can occur during pregnancy. Recommended daily allowances of nutrients like calories, protein, iron and calcium are also provided.

1. SHARON TREESA ANTONY
FIRST YEAR M.Sc NURSING
GOVT.COLLEGE OFNURSING KOTTAYAM

2. DANGER SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
 Vaginal bleeding
 Persistent vomiting
 Fever & chills
 Leaking per vagina
 Abdominal / chest pain
 Pregnancy induced hypertension
 Increased/ decreased fetal movements

3. Signs of PIH
 Rapid weight gain(>900 gm in 2nd />450 gm in 3rd
trimester)
 Swelling of fingers/face
 Flashes of light /dots before eyes
 Dimness /blurring of vision
 Severe continuous headache
 Decreased urine output

4. Promoting Fetal & Maternal
Wellbeing
 SELF CARE NEEDS
Bathing
Breast care
Dental care
Perineal hygiene

5. CLOTHING
 Loose & comfortable
 Low heel shoes

6. SEXUAL ACTIVITY
 Avoid in 1st & last trimester
Contraindicated in
 History of spontaneous miscarriage
 Ruptured membranes
 Placenta praevia & vaginal spotting

7. EXERCISE
 3 times weekly for 30 minutes
 Walking / swimming is best
 Extreme exercise leads to LBW

8. SLEEP
8 + 2 hours
Sims’ position with top leg forward
Avoid resting on back
Don’t bent knee / cross legs

9. EMPLOYMENT
 Discontinue hazardous occupations
OT staff
Prolonged standing
 Avoid interference with adequate sleep & nutrition

10. TRAVEL
 Avoid jerky vehicles
 Take drugs for motion sickness only with prescription
 In long journey, walk a short distance every hourly
 Bottom strap of seat belt should be below the
abdomen
 Live vaccines are contraindicated

11. ANTENATAL CHECK UP
 Monthly up to 7 months
 Twice monthly in 7 to 9 months
 Then weekly up to EDC

12. NUTRITION
 Well balanced
 Small & frequent
 Rich in iron & folic acid
 Fibre rich
 20 glass fluid
 2500 kcal + 71 gm of protein
 Iron , folic acid & calcium tablets

13.  AVOID
 Caffeine
 Artificial sweetners
 Weight reduction diet
 Fasting
 Skipping of meals

14. PROTEINS
 For growth of foetus, placenta & accessory tissues
 Animal protein
 Vegetable protein

15. FATS
 Important source of energy
 Provide fat soluble vitamins
 Needed for surfactant production, CNS ,cell
membranes
 Animal fats
 Vegetable fats

16. CARBOHYDRATES
 Important source of energy
 Sources : cereals, roots& tubers

17. FIBER
 Prevents Constipation
 Lower cholesterol
 May remove carcinogens from intestine
 Sources

18. MINERALS
 Calcium & phosphorus
 Formation of teeth & skeleton of fetus
 Prevents maternal osteoporosis
 Sources

19.  Iodine
 Formation of thyroxine
 Function of thyroid gland
 Sources :sea food ,iodised salt

20.  Iron
 Fetal hemoglobin production
 Sources

21.  Zinc
 Synthesis of DNA & RNA
 SOURCE : LIVER, MEAT ,EGG, SEAFOOD

22. RECOMMENDED DAILY
ALLOWANCE
Non
pregnant
pregnant
Energy ( kcal) 2200 2500
protein 50 gm 60 gm
Iron 18 mg 40 mg
calcium 500 mg 1000 mg
zinc 12 mg 15 mg
Iodine 150 micro
gram
175 micro
gram

23. MANAGEMENT OF MINOR DISORDERS

24. BACKACHE
 CAUSES
 Lumbar lordosis
 Lax abdominal muscles
 MANAGEMENT
 Shoes with low to moderate heels
 Hot application
 Squat to pick up objects
 Lift objects holding them close to the body

25.  Firm mattress
 Pelvic rocking/tilting exercise
 Adequate rest

26. MUSCLE CRAMPS
 CAUSES
 Low calcium
 High phosphorus
 Interference with circulation

27. CONSTIPATION
 CAUSES
 Progesterone
 Weight of uterus
 Oral iron
 Low fiber & fluid
 More tea & coffee
 No exercise

28. TREATMENT
 BOWEL RETRAINING
 Correct poor habits & painful lesions
 Brisk walking after a hot drink
 Regular time for toileting
 DIETARY REFORMATION
 Increased fibre & fluid intake
 Reduce tea, coffee & sugar

29.  Prune juice
 No gas forming foods
 SPECIFIC DRUGS
 Iron in empty stomach with juice
 No mineral oil/enemas/OTC laxatives
 Can use psyllium /docusate sodium/ dulcolax

30. FREQUENT URINATION
 CAUSES
 Preesure of uterus/fetal head
 Polyuria
 Bladder mucosa congestion
 MANAGEMENT
 Reduce caffeine
 Kegel’s exercise
 Rule out UTI

31. THANK YOU