circulation, airway, breathing, defibrillation

1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Sharon Treesa Antony
Assistant Professor
Govt.College of Nursing, Kottayam

2. BLS
 Sequences of procedures performed to
restore the circulation of oxygenated blood
after a sudden pulmonary and/or cardiac
arrest.

3. OBJECTIVES
 Supports the ventilation of a victim of
respiratory arrest with rescue breathing
 Support the ventilation and circulation of a
victim of cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR).

4. INDICATIONS
 Respiratory arrest
 Cardiac arrest

5. SEQUENCE
 C : Circulation
 A : Airway
 B : Breathing
 D : Defibrillation

6. STEPS
 Ensure safety
 Check response: tap at the shoulders and
shout ‘Are you OK?’
 If responsive, leave in position and get
assistance. Reassess regularly

7. IF UNRESPONSIVE
 Shout for help and activate Emergency
medical service ( automated external
defibrillator/ Advanced cardiac life support
ambulance.)
 Check pulse and breathing at the same
time
(Carotid pulse and rise and fall of chest )
 Take at least 5-10seconds and never >10
seconds

9. IF PULSE AND BREATHING PRESENT BUT UNRSPONSIVE
 Turn to recovery position
 Check for continued breathing
 Get assistance

10. IF PULSE IS PRESENT BUT NO NORMAL BREATHING
 Provide rescue breathing after clearing
airway
 Head tilt -chin lift maneuver

11. HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT MANEUVER
 Place your palm on the patient’s forehead
and apply pressure to tilt the head backward.
 Place the fingers of your other hand under
the mental protuberance of the chin and pull
the chin forward

13.  Jaw thrust maneuver: in suspected spinal
injury

14. JAW THRUST MANEUVER
 Place your fingers on the lower rami of the
jaw.
 Provide anterior pressure to advance the jaw
forward.

16. MOUTH TO MOUTH BREATHING
 Pinch nose
 Seal the victim’ s mouth with your mouth (use
a barrier device)

17.  Check for rise and fall of chest with each
breath
 Can use AMBU bag ( Artificial Mandatory
Breathing Unit) in hospital setting
 EC
 technique

18. PROVIDING RESCUE BREATHS
 1 breath every 5-6 seconds OR 10-12
breaths/ min
 Check pulse every 2 minutes
 Allow time for the air to expel from the
patient.

19. IF NO BREATHING AND PULSE
 Start cardio pulmonary resuscitation
1. Chest compressions
2. Rescue breaths

20. CHEST COMPRESSIONS
 Place your palms on the midline, of chest,on the
nipple line
 Lock your arms.
 Use heel of the hand

22.  Using two arms press to a depth of 2 to 2.4
inches (5-6cm) or more on the patient’s
chest.
 Provide 100 to 120 compressions per
minute.
 Press hard and fast.
 Allow for full chest recoil with each
compression.
 1 cycle of adult CPR is 30 chest
compressions to 2 rescue breaths ( 30:2)

23. IF 2 RESCUERS
 Switch rolls between compressor and rescue
breather every 5 cycles.

24. DEFIBRILLATION

25.  Arrival of the AED (Automated External Defibrillator)
 Power:
Turn AED On
 Follow verbal AED prompts.
 Attachment:
Firmly place appropriate pads (adult/pediatric) to
patient’s skin to the indicated locations (pad image).
 Analyze:
A short pause in CPR is required to allow the AED to
analyze the rhythm.

29.  If the rhythm is not shockable:
 Initiate 5 cycles of CPR.
 Recheck the rhythm at the end of the 5 cycles of CPR.
 If the shock is indicated:
 Assure no one is touching the patient by yelling “Clear, I’m Clear,
you’re Clear!” prior to delivering a shock.
 Press the shock button when the providers are clear of the
patient.
 Resume 5 cycles of CPR.

30. SCHAFFER’S METHOD
 Used when casualty is lying with the face
down.
 Place him with forehead resting on the
overlapped hands
 Turn the face to one side
 Kneel at his side just below his hip joint
 Place your hands on his loins one on either
side of the vertebrae with both wrists almost
touching each other

31. CONT..
 With the thumbs apart close fingers together at
the side of loins with fingers pointing towards
the ground.
 Now slowly lean forward without bending the
elbow with the shoulder coming vertically above
the hands
 Apply pressure of your body weight on his loin
for 2 seconds. This leads to compression of
abdominal organs against the ground and up
against the diaphragm to force air out of the
lungs

32.  Release pressure. It causes abdominal
organs and diaphragm to fall back and allow
for inspiration.
 Complete these two phases in 5 seconds(
12/ min

34. SYLVESTER METHOD
 Used when the casualty is trapped on his
back
 Keep him in a tilted position by placing a
folded clothing/ pad between the shoulders.
 Kneel at the head end of the casualty.
 Grasp the wrists of casualty and cross them
over the lower chest
 Rock your body with the back straight

35. CONT..
 Press down firmly with hands over the
casualty’s wrists which are kept over the
lower chest for 2 second and release
 Draw the casualty’s arms upwards and
outwards as far as possible for 3 seconds
and bring back to the previous position
 Rate:12/ minute
 Check for heart beat after 4 sequences and
continue till natural breathing is restored

38. THANK YOU