about vitamin and minerals

1. AMITY SCHOOL OF FOREIGN
LANGUAGES
FOOD, NUTRITION AND HYGIENE
GROUP PRESENTATION
B.A.(HONS.) – FRENCH
1ST YEAR (1ST SEM)
SUBMITTED BY:
MANIKA FATHNANI (A2606221028)
SHWETA DHANKAR (A2606221040)
K WONMAYO (A2606221047)
KOMAL PANDAY (A2606221032)
JASPREET KAUR (A2606221027)
SNEHA MANNA (A2606221011)
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. ANKITA J. LAKADE
TOPIC:
VITAMINS AND MINERALS

2. INTRODUCTION
• Nutrients are defined as those constituents in food that must be supplied to the
body in the sufficient amount in order to grow, reproduce and lead a normal
healthy life.
• Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called macronutrients because they are
needed in large amounts.
• Vitamins and minerals are called micronutrients because they are required in
smaller amounts.

3. VITAMINS
• Vitamins are organic substances that our bodies need to
develop and function normally.
• They are found in natural foods.
• Vitamin is originated from the Latin words, ‘vita’ and
‘amine’ meaning life and nitrogen.
• They help in generation of energy.
• Vitamins are of two types:
Water-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins

4. WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• They travel freely through the body, and excess amounts are usually
excreted by the kidneys.
• It is required by the body in small and frequent doses.
• All vitamin B and vitamin C fall under this category.
NUTRIENT FUNCTION SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
Vitamin B1
(Thiamine)
Carbohydrate
metabolism,
sharpens appetite,
functioning of
heart, nerve and
muscles
Yeast, liver, milk,
cheese, leafy
vegetables, meat,
whole grain
cereals
Beri-Beri
Pain in hand and
feet, swelling of
body, paralysis of
limbs, oedema
Vitamin B2
(Riboflavin)
Carbohydrate and
protein
metabolism, keeps
skin healthy
Milk, liver, meat,
eggs, peas, yeast,
whole grains,
green leafy
vegetables
Riboflavinosis,
photophobia
inflammation of
the skin, tongue,
and lips; ocular
disturbances;
nervous
symptoms

5. WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS (CONTD.)
NUTRIENT FUNCTION SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
Vitamin B3
(Niacin)
Co-enzyme for
protein, fat and
carbohydrate
metabolism.
Keeps the skin
healthy
Fish, eggs, meat,
legumes, whole
grains, leafy
vegetables,
peanuts, bean,
tomato, potato
Pellagra
Dermatitis,
diarrhoea,
dementia
Vitamin B12
(Cyanocobalamin)
Blood formation,
nervous tissue
metabolism,
nucleic acid
synthesis
Liver, fish, cheese,
milk, eggs, meat
Pernicious
anaemia
Paleness of skin,
breathlessness,
retarded growth
Vitamin C
(Ascorbic Acid)
Resistance to
infections,
keeping teeth,
gums and joints
healthy,
maintenance of
connective tissues
Amla, cabbage,
tomatoes, lemon,
orange, mangoes,
chillies, guava,
pineapple,
sprouted grams
Scurvy
Bleeding gums, pain
in joints, general
weakness

6. FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• They are stored in the body’s cells and are not excreted as easily as
water-soluble vitamins.
• They are only required in adequate amounts.
• A balanced diet usually provides enough fat-soluble vitamins.
NUTRIENT FUNCTION SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
Vitamin A
(Retinol)
Maintenance of
vision and skin,
essential for
synthesis of visual
pigment
Milk, cheese,
butter, eggs, cod
liver oil, carrots,
mangoes, papaya,
sweet potato
Night-blindness,
Xerophthalmia or
keratinol acid. Dry
skin
Unable to see in
dim light, retarded
keratinization of
epithelia
Vitamin D
(Calciferol)
Keeps bones and
teeth healthy,
absorption of
calcium and
phosphorus
Milk, cheese, egg
yolk, cod liver oil,
fish, butter,
exposure to
sunlight
Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in
adults
Failure of growing
bones to calcify,
bow legs, pigeon
chest, softening of
bones
Painful bones,
spontaneous
fractures

7. FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS (CONTD.)
NUTRIENT FUNCTION SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
Vitamin E
(Tocopherol)
Antioxidant,
ageing vitamin
Grains,
vegetable oil,
green leafy
vegetables, nuts
Reproduction
failure in males
an females
Sterility in
males,
miscarriage or
death of
embryos during
pregnancy in
females
Vitamin K
(Phylloquinone)
Clotting of blood
Green leafy
vegetables,
soyabean,
tomatoes
Faulty blood
clotting,
haemorrhage
Delayed blood
clotting

8. MINERALS
• Minerals are considered to be inorganic solid substances having
a definite chemical composition and with its intake, it helps in
the proper functioning of the human body.
• It is also important for making enzymes and hormones.
• Most people get the amount of minerals they need by eating a
wide variety of foods.
• There are two kinds of minerals
Macro minerals
Trace minerals

9. MACRO MINERALS
• Macro minerals are those minerals which are required in relatively
large doses.
• These include calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium,
sulphur and chlorine
• These minerals are vital for the proper functioning and metabolism of
the body.
MINERALS FUNCTION SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
Calcium
Formation of
bones and teeth,
necessary for
nerve, teeth and
muscles
Milk and milk
products, fish,
meat, beans,
green leafy
vegetables,
broccoli, tapioca,
cereals
Rickets,
osteomalacia, loss
of teeth
Softening of
bones,
deformities, pain
in bones
Phosphorous
Formation of
bones and teeth
Milk, cereals,
green leafy
vegetables, nuts,
bajra, meat
Rickets,
osteomalacia
Softening of
bones, bowlegs,
pigeon chest

10. MACRO MINERALS (CONTD.)
MINERALS FUNCTION SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
Sodium
Regulates blood
pressure and
blood volume,
functioning of
muscles and
nerves
Onions, fresh
fruits, sweet,
potato, broccoli,
eggs, milk,
pumpkin seeds
Hyponatremia,
seizures, coma
Weakness,
headache,
diarrhoea,
fatigue
Potassium
Regulation of
water and
electrolyte
content within
cell, Involved in
cellular
activities
Bananas,
avocado,
spinach,
potatoes,
orange, sweet
potatoes, yogurt
Hypokalaemia,
Weakness,
muscle cramps
and spasms,
breathing
difficulties

11. TRACE MINERALS
• They are required in small amounts.
• These include manganese, iron, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, selenium and
fluoride.
• Also known as microminerals.
MINERALS FUNCTION SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
Iron
Formation of
haemoglobin, acts
as a carrier of
oxygen
Liver, green leafy
vegetables, eggs,
spinach,
groundnuts,
cereals, jaggery
Anaemia
Loss of weight,
pale appearance,
tiredness, loss of
appetite
Iodine
Metabolic control
of hormone
thyroxine,
controls growth
and mental ability
Iodized salt, sea
food, fish, green
leafy vegetables
Goitre
Enlargement of
thyroid gland,
retarding of
physical and
mental growth

12. TRACE MINERALS (CONTD.)
MINERALS FUNCTION SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
SYMPTOMS
Fluorine
Hardens tooth
enamel,
stabilizes
mineral in
bones
Tea, fish
consumed with
bones, some
fruit juices
Dental caries,
osteoporosis
Tooth and bone
weakness
Zinc
Involved in
cellular
metabolic
processes,
growth and
development,
neurological
function
Meat, oysters,
mushrooms,
beans, crab,
cashew
Decreased
appetite, sudden
weight loss,
diarrhoea
Hair loss,
abnormal taste
and smell
sensation

13. CONCLUSION
• Vitamins and minerals are essential
nutrients.
• Vitamins are organic whereas
minerals are inorganic.
• Vitamins can be classified into
water-soluble and fat-soluble.
• Minerals can be classified as macro
minerals and trace mineral.

14. REFERENCES
• Vitamins: Their functions and sources. (2020).
Retrieved from website:
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/ta3868
• Minerals: Their functions and sources. (2020).
Retrieved from website:
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/ta3912
• What are the Benefits of Vitamins and Mineral
Supplements? (2020). Retrieved from website:
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/vitamin_and_m
ineral_supplements/article_em.htm