2. ‘Person with disability’ means a person suffering
from not less than forty per cent of any disability as
certified by a medical authority;
A disability is defined as any restriction or lack
(resulting from an impairment) or ability to perform
an activity in the manner or within the range
considered normal for a human being.
3. To promote the appropriate use of these terms the
World Health Organization (WHO) provided the
following definitions in their International
Classification of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap
(1980):
• Impairment – any loss or abnormality of
psychological, physiological or anatomical structure
or function.
• Disability – any restriction or lack of ability to
perform an activity in the manner or within the
range considered normal for a human being.
• Handicap – the result when an individual with an
impairment cannot fulfill a normal life role.
6. Visually Handicap
Blindness’ refers to a condition where a person suffers
from any of the following conditions, namely:-
• total absence of sight; or
• visual acuity not exceeding 6/60 or 20/200
(snellen) in the better eye with correcting lenses;
or
• Limitation of the field of vision subtending an
angle of 20 degree or worse;
7. Deaf & Dumb/Congenitally Deaf
• The Rehabilitation Council of India Act,1992, has defined
"hearing handicapped" as - hearing impairment of 70
decibels and above, in better ear or total loss of hearing in
both ears.
• The legal definition of “hearing disability” in India as per
the Persons with Disability Act3 (PWD), 1995 is – “a hearing
disabled person is one who has the hearing loss of 60
decibels or more in the better ear for conversational range
of frequencies”.
9. Stigmatization
& Withdrawal
Not accepted by the Society
Seeing their disability instead of
seeing their ability
Withdraw & remain Isolated
fro the rest of the society
11. Interpersonal Relation & Social adjustment problems
The atmosphere of
continued frustration
and rejections in
home leads to serious
maladjustment.
Irritability Temper outburst Aggressiveness
Moodiness & Emotional Changeability
13. Negative Self-Concept
The lack of ability to
accept criticism from
others as the process of
self-reflection
Subjective feeling that
everyone else around
him look at himself in
the negative
Feel less able to interact
with other people.
14. Employment Problems
We naturally do not employ the
afflicted when we have sound
material at hand, makes the
handicapped even when
fitted to the job, less satisfactory
because of accompanying
mental state of depression and
nervousness!'
This attitude blocks the entry of
handicapped individuals in the
employment markets. This also
leads to lot of emotional
problems
15. Role of a Counsellor
• A role towards parents and the teachers of disabled
students
• Counsellors who work with the disabled person must realize
that the primary objective in counselling him/her is to help
him/her recognize his/her potential for achievement.
• The counsellor should help the disabled person learn to
develop confidence in his/her abilities and to became as
self-reliant as possible.
16. • Handicapped persons have as active emotional life as any
other person, so a counsellor should make disabled person
feel that he/she can place his/her trust in the counsellor
• keep in mind that they have need for success and
successful experiences, which should be provided to them.
• Keeping in mind the parent's point of view, the counsellor
should attempt to direct discussions to those problems that
seem to be of greatest importance to the parents
17. • Counsellor should involve both parents in the
counselling and training the child. The diagnostic
evaluation should emphasize what the child will be
able to do.
• The family member, should be counselled in order
to assist them in rising above the stigma of
handicapped and its accompanying problems.
18. Maladjustment
• Maladjustment is a term used in psychology to refer the
"inability to react successfully and satisfactorily to the
demand of one's environment“
• ‘Maladjustment’ is a process whereby an individual is
unable to satisfy his biological, psychological or social
needs successfully and establishes an imbalance between
his personal needs and expectation of the society resulting
in the disturbance of psycho-equilibrium.
19. Characteristics of a Maladjusted Person
Withdrawn and timid
Shy and self-conscious
Fearful
Anxious
Delusions
Extremely aggressive
High aspirations
Feeling of inferiority
Emotionally disturbed
Isolated
Sensitivity
Temper-tantrums
21. The General Guiding Principles
Some of the commonly enunciated principles of a
general nature are as follows:—
Understanding the individual child.
Providing adequate emotional nourishment.
Removal of frustrating causes.
Positive emphasis in teaching and treatment.
Need for balance and consistency.
22. Moral and religious development.
Role of teacher’s own mental health.
Cooperation with the parents.
Cooperation with the guidance service.
23. Juvenile
• In the Indian context, a juvenile or child is any
person who is below the age of 18 years. However,
the Indian Penal Code specifies that a child cannot
be charged for any crime until he has attained seven
years of age.
• Juvenile Justice Act, 2000
• Juvenile Justice(Care and Protection of
Children) Bill, 2015
24. Juvenile Delinquent
• Juvenile delinquents are minors, usually defined as
being under the age of 18, who have committed
some act that violates the law.
• These acts aren’t called “crimes” as they would be
for adults. Rather, crimes committed by minors are
called “delinquent acts.”
25. Guidance for Juvenile Delinquents
• Guidance is provided to young people dealing with
issues that lead to behavioral problems who were
under the age of 18.
• Children and adolescents who can benefit from
juvenile Guidance and counseling include those
struggling with poverty, substance abuse, a lack of
positive role models, parental neglect, abuse or
abandonment, or mental disorders.
26. • Such problems can interfere with a child’s
education and prevent the child from
becoming a happy and healthy adult. The goal
of juvenile Guidance and counseling is to
support children and set them on a path to
becoming a productive citizen.
27. • Juvenile counselors provides guidance and support to
juveniles and their families.
• The counselor will interview juveniles and their families
and investigate any juvenile offenses to gather
information used in counseling.
• Juvenile counselors develop action plans, and they may
refer a troubled youngster to a social service agency
such as the Child Protective Services.
• main responsibility will be to help juveniles cope with
their situation and work through their issues.
28. • Counsellors will be responsible for teaching them how to
change their unhealthy thought processes and behaviors.
• In other words, you must be able to relate to the juveniles
on a deeper, more personal level and have a passion to
help children improve their life.
• Have to provide counseling and social services for children
in state’s custody, foster homes and juvenile detention
centers.
• provide services to children who are still in the custody of
their families.
