COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. 'CO' stands for corona, 'VI' for virus, and 'D' for disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as '2019 novel corona virus' or '2019-nCoV.

1. CORONAVIRUS

2. CONTENT
• MEANING
• HISTORY
• TRANMISSION
• IN 2019-2020
• IMPACT ON ECONOMY
• CASUALITY
• PREVENTION

3. MEANING
• Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause:-
• diseases in mammals and birds.
• In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild
to lethal. Mild illnesses include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused
by other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause
SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
• Symptoms in other species vary: in chickens, they cause an upper respiratory tract
disease, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhoea. There are as yet no vaccines or
antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections

4. HISTORY
IN ANIMALS
Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of
domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus . Arthur Schalk and
M.C. Hawn described in 1931 a new respiratory infection of chickens in North Dakota.
IN HUMANS
Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s.They were isolated using two different methods
in the United Kingdom and the United States. E.C. Kendall, Malcom Byone, and David Tyrrell working
at the Common Cold Unit of the British Medical Research Council in 1960 isolated from a boy a novel
common cold virus B814.The virus was not able to be cultivated using standard techniques which
had successfully cultivated rhinoviruses, adenoviruses and other known common cold viruses.

5. TRANSMISSION
• Human coronaviruses infect the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, while animal coronaviruses
generally infect the epithelial cells of the digestive tract.
• SARS coronavirus, for example, infects via an aerosol route, the human epithelial cells of the lungs
by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor.
• Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) infects, via a faecal-oral route, the pig epithelial
cells of the digestive tract by binding to the alanine amino peptidase receptor.
• In simple words the transmission of this virus in humans could spread by touching an object or
surface with virus present from an infected person, and then touching the mouth, nose or eyes.

6. IN 2019-2020 (COVID-19)
• In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China.
• On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, which was given
the interim name 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed SARS-CoV-2
by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
• The virus has a 96% similarity to a bat coronavirus, so it is widely suspected to originate from bats
as well. The pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions and nationwide lockdowns in many
countries.

7. IMPACT ON ECONOMY
• The pandemic caused the largest global recession in history, with more than a third of the
global population at the time being placed on lockdown.
• Global stock markets fell on 24 February 2020 due to a significant rise in the number of
COVID-19 cases outside mainland China.
• By 28 February 2020, stock markets worldwide saw their largest single-week declines since
the 2008 financial crisis.
• The International Labour Organization stated on 7 April that it predicted a 6.7% loss of job
hours globally in the second quarter of 2020, equivalent to 195 million full-time jobs. They
also estimated that 30 million jobs were lost in the first quarter alone, compared to 25
million during the 2008 financial crisis.

8. • In March 2020, more than 10 million Americans lost their jobs and applied for government aid. The
coronavirus outbreak could cost 47 million jobs in the United States and unemployment rate may hit
32%, according to estimates by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
• The lockdown in India has left tens of millions of migrant workers unemployed.
• The survey from the Angus Reid Institute found that 44% of Canadian households have experienced
some type of job loss.
• Nearly 900,000 workers lost their jobs in Spain since it went into lockdown in mid-March 2020.
During the second half of March, 4 million French workers applied for temporary unemployment
benefits and 1 million British workers applied for a universal credit scheme.
• Almost half a million companies in Germany have sent their workers on a government-subsidized
short-time working schemes known as Kurzarbeit. The German short-time work compensation
scheme has been copied by France and Britain.

9. CASUALTY
• As of 7 June 2020, there have been at least 398,321 confirmed deaths and more than 6,855,858
confirmed cases in the COVID-19 pandemic.
• United states, France, Italy, Spain, India are also widely affected by this virus along wit China.

10. PREVENTION
• There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.
• Treatment is only supportive.
• A number of antiviral targets have been identified such as viral proteases, polymerases, and entry
proteins.
• Drugs are in development which target these proteins and the different steps of viral replication.
• A number of vaccines using different methods are also under development for different human
coronaviruses.

11. THANK YOU
SHAGUN JAIN