The world is facing a challenging. An essential key to combat COVID-19 is to be educated and be familiar to the disease itself and to plan strategies that will help the world win the fight against the crisis.

1. CORONA VIRUS
& it’s effect on
daily life
Presented by :
Madonna Yumnam
Tutor College of Nursing , RIMS ,Imphal
M.Sc (N) Community Health Nursing

2. INTRODUCTION:
Coronaviruses, also known as Covid 19 are a
kind of virus due to which infection takes
place in the upper respiratory system, sinuses,
nose, throat, etc. Both humans and animals can
be infected by these viruses. Several types of
these viruses are there. Among them, some are
very dangerous.

3. HISTORY:
• The name coronavirus was coined in 1968 from
latin word “corona” meaning CROWN like.
• The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan,
China, in December 2019. When a pneumonia
cluster of unknown cause was observed.
• The WHO declared the outbreak a Public
Health Emergency of International Concern on
30 January, 2020 & Pandemic on 11 March,
2020.

4. • There are several theories about where the very
first case (the so call patient zero) originated.
• According to an unpublicized report from the
Chinese government, the first case can be traced
back to 17 Nov, 2019.
• There were 4 men & 5 women reported but none
of them were “patient zero”.
• According to official Chinese sources these were
mostly linked to the Wuhan Seafood Wholesale
Market.

5. • By the end of Jan, virus found to be originated
from bats & come to the conclusion that this
virus also belongs to the group that caused
SARS, so was named SARS CoV-2.
• On Feb 11th 2020 WHO names the virus
COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 19).
• In India first case was reported from Thrissur,
Kerala in the month of Jan, 2020.

6. STATISTICS:
As of 2 June 2020, more than 6.27 million cases
of COVID-19 have been reported in more than
188 countries and territories, resulting in more
than 375,000 deaths; more than 2.69 million
people have recovered
WORLD INDIA
Total case:
Death:
Recovered:
Active:
Total case:
Death:
Recovered:
Active:

7. DEFINITION:
• It is a group of related RNA viruses that cause
diseases in mammals and birds. In human, these
viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can
range from mild to lethal.
• SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to SARS-CoV,
and is thought to have a zoonotic origin.
• SARS-CoV-2 genetically clusters with the genus
Betacronovirus.
• The virus has a 96% similarity to a bat
coronavirus & 92% identical to pangolin
coronavirus.

8. ETIOLOGY:
• Covid 19 is an infectious disease caused by a
newly discovered coronavirus which is severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARSCov-2).
• It belongs to the large family of coronaviridae,
an enveloped positive-sense single stranded
RNA virus.

9. EPIDEMIOLOGY:
• Incubation period for novel coronavirus is b/w 2 to 14 days.
• Some infected people have no symptom.
• As at April, estimated asymptomatic ratio range widely
from 5% to 80%.
• Reproductive ratio of this virus and degree of spread ability.
It means that one person can spread infection to about 3
persons.
• Novel corona virus – incubation period — is b/w 2 to 14
days even up to 28 days in some persons after exposure, but
recently in Japan by mid march they have found it takes 14-
27 days for the symptoms to appear.

10. TRANSMISSION CYCLE

11. MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
Person to person through:
• Droplet transmission: droplet of infected fluid
from the nose and mouth of infected person
lands on objects and surfaces when the person
cough or talk
• People touch contaminated surfaces or objects
and then touch eyes or mouth
• Transmission can take place through physical
contact with the infected person

12. PATHOGENESIS:
SARS CoV-2- uses ACE 2
Receptor to enter the human cell
Infection starts with the cells of the respiratory mucosa
infect ciliated epithelial cells in the nasopharynx
Then spread to the epithelial cell of all alveoli in lungs
Fusion of viral membrane with the host cell membrane

13. Release the nucleocapsid into the cell
(using host machinery)
Replicates (copies produced)
To produced viral RNAs and protien
New virions are formed and released.
The host cell dies
Uncontrolled multiplication of virus destroys the
respiratory tissues

14. SIGNS & SYPTOMS:
Common symptoms In severe case
1. Fever
2. Loss of appetite
3. Fatigue
4. Loss of taste and smell
5. Shortness of breath
6. Cough
7. Sore throat
8. Congestion or runny nose
9. Muscle aches and pain
10.Nausea or vomiting
11.Diarrhoea
1. Confusion
2. Inability to wake or stay
awake
3. Bluish face and lips
4. Coughing up blood
5. Persistent chest pain
6. Decreased WBC
7. Kidney failure
8. High fever

15. DIAGNOSIS:
• RT –PCR ( Real- time reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction) of Respiratory Tissue
samples - in early phase of illness.
(Nasopharyngeal swab / oropharyngeal swab)
• Rapid Diagnostic Tests(RDT) – result in 10 to 30
minutes , sensitivity– 90% specificity – 95% ,
tests IgG / IgM antibodies.
• ELISA / IFAT – Immunofluoresence Antibody
Tests — antibodies detectable within one month.
• (Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay) – 1-5 hrs

16. IMAGING STUDIES :
• X-Ray Chest
• CT CHEST

17. Aarogya Setu: It means the bridge
for liberation from disease
• Is an Indian open-source cross-platform
CoVID19” Contact tracing ,syndromic mapping
and self assessment” digital service, primarily
mobile tracking apps.
• It was launched in April 2020 and available in
12 language
• The app reach 100 million installs in 40 days

18. Purpose :
• Spread awareness of COVID 19
• To connect essential COVID-19 related health
services to the people of India
• It tries to determine the risk if one has been
near (within 6 feet of) a COVID infected
person, by scanning through a database of
known cases across India

19. Technical details:
It has four section
• User status( tells the risk of getting COVID 19 for the
user)
• Self assessment (help the users identify COVID-19
symptoms and their risk profile)
• COVID-19 updates( give updates on local and national
COVID-19 cases)
• E-pass integration (if applied for E-pass, it will be
available)
It tells how many COVID-19 positive cases are likely in a
radius of 500 m,1 km, 2 km,5 km and 10 km from the
user.

20. Effectiveness:
• NITI Aayog CEO revealed that “ the app has
been able to identify more than 3,000 hotspots
in 3-17 days ahead of time.

21. Who are at risk:
• Older person
• Children below 10 years
• Pregnant
• Person with pre- existing medical condition
like high B.P., heart disease, diabetes,
immunocompromised people, lungs disease
like COPD & asthma

22. Things to avoid:
• Smoking
• Traditional herbal remedies
• Wearing multiple mask
• Taking self medication such as antibiotics
• In case if you have any symptom seek medical
care to reduce risk

23. Treatment :
• No specific antiviral medicine available for
Covid
• Clinical management is supportive

24. COMPLICATION:
• Pneumonia
• Cardiac problem
• Acute kidney injury
• Respiratory failure
• Multi organ failure

25. PREVENTIVE MEASURE:
1.Hand hygiene
DO DO NOT
•Wash your hand often with
soap and water for 20- 40 sec
especially after you have been
in public place, or after
blowing your nose, coughing or
sneezing
•Use a hand sanitizer at least
70% alcohol based
•Touch your eyes nose and
mouth with unwashed hands
•Touch surfaces like door
knobs and door bells, elevator
buttons, hand rails, ATM
surfaces etc

26. 2. RESPIRATORY HYGIENE:
DO DO NOT
• Do use a handkerchief or a tissue to
cover your mouth while coughing or
sneezing
•Do throw the used tissue
immediately into a close dustbin
•Do cover your sneeze into your bent
upper arm in case you are not carrying
a tissue or a kerchief
•Do wash hands immediately after
you have covered your sneeze or
cough
•Do not spit in the open, always use
wash basin for spitting

27. 3.SOCIAL/ PHYSICAL DISTANCING:
DO DO NOT
•Stay at home unless absolutely
necessary
•Keep a distance of at least 6
feet ( two arms length) between
yourself and another person
•Do not hold events where
people have to gather
•Do not go to the crowded
places like markets, shopping ,
mela, parties
•Do not use public transport

28. ROLE OF NURSES:
1. At community setting
• Community awareness through inter-personal
communication
a) Uptake of preventive and control measures
including social distancing
b) Addressing myths and misconceptions
• Support ANM/ Supervisor in house to house
survelliance including
a) Identification of probable cases
b) Ensure uptake of medical services in urban and
rural areas and
c) Psychosocial care ,stigma and discrimination

29. • Reporting and feedback across different phases
of COVID -19 pandemic ( no case, imported/
sporadic cases, clusters and community wide
transmission)
• Personal safety and precaution
• Use of COVID19 IEC materials

30. 2. At clinical setting
• Follow established occupational safety and
health procedures avoid exposing others to
health and safety risks and participate in
employer –provided occupational safety and
health training
• Use provided protocols to assess ,triage and
treat patients
• Treat patients with respect ,compassion and
dignity
• Maintain patient confidentiality

31. • Swiftly follow established public health reporting
procedures of suspect and confirmed cases
• Provide or reinforce accurate infection prevention
and control and public health information,
including to concerned people who have neither
symptoms nor risk
• Put on, use ,take off and dispose of personal
protective equipment properly
• Self –monitor for signs of illness and self isolate
or report illness to managers, if it occurs
• Advice management if they are experiencing
signs of undue stress or mental health challenges
that require support interventions

32. “EFFECTS OF COVID-19
PANDEMIC IN DAILY LIFE”
• COVID-19 has affected day to day life and is
slowing down the global economy. This
pandemic has affected million of people, who
are either sick or are being killed
• This virus is spreading exponentially region
wise. Many countries are locking their
population and enforcing strict quarantine to
control the spread

33. • It has rapidly affected our day to day life,
business, disrupted the world trade and
movements.
• Most of the countries have slowed down
manufacturing of the products
• Various industries and sectors are affected by
the disease
• Presently the impacts of COVID-19 in daily
life are extensive. These can be divided into
various categories:

34. a) healthcare:
• Challenges in the diagnosis ,quarantine and
treatment of suspected or confirmed cases
• High burden of the functioning of the existing
medical system
• Patients with other disease and health problems
are getting neglected
• Overload on health care professionals, who are
at a very high risk
• Overloading of medical shops
• Requirement for high protection
• Disruption of medical supply chain

35. b) economic:
• Slowing of the manufacturing of essential
goods
• Disrupt the supply chain of products
• Losses in national and international business
• Poor cash flow in the market
• Significant slowing down in the revenue
growth

36. c) Social:
• Service sector is not being able to provide their
proper service
• Cancellation or postponement of large –scale
sports and tournaments
• Avoiding the national and international travelling
and cancellation of services
• Disruption of celebration of cultural, religious and
festive events
• Undue stress among the population

37. • Social distancing with our peers and family
members
• Closure of the hotels, restaurants and religious
places
• Closure of places for entertainment like movie
and play theatres, sports clubs, swimming
pools etc.
• Postponement of examinations

38. “Economic impact of the COVID-19
pandemic”
• The economic impact of the 2020 coronavirus
pandemic in India has been largely disruptive
• On 26 May ,CRISIL(formerly Credit Rating
Information Services of India Limited)
announced that this will perhaps be India’s
worst recession since independence
• Economic fall down is due to induced market
instability and lockdown

39. Out come:
• Sharp rise in unemployment
• Stress on supply chains
• Decrease in government income
• Collapse of the tourism industry
• Collapse of hospitality industry
• Reduce consumer activity
• Plunge in fuel consumption. Rise in LPG sales

40. CONCLUSION:
The world is facing a challenging. An essential
key to combat COVID-19 is to be educated
and be familiar to the disease itself and to plan
strategies that will help the world win the fight
against the crisis.