The document discusses various epidemiological study designs and measurements. It covers how prevalence of a disease can increase due to factors like longer duration or higher fatality rates. Descriptive, case-control, cohort and randomized controlled studies are described as ways to measure disease rates. Key measurements mentioned include relative risk, age-specific mortality rates, and case fatality rates. Case-control studies are noted as effective for rare diseases, and sensitivity and reliability are listed as aspects of screening test validity.

1. 1. Prevalence of adisease increasedby,
a. Longerdurationof the disease
b. Highcase fatalityrate
c. Higherage specificdeathrate
d. X
e. Betterdiagnosticabilities
2. Increasedrate of a disease iscalculatedinfollowingstudies,
a. Descriptive studies
b. Case control studies
c. Longitudinal studies
d. Crosssectional studies
e. Cohortstudies
3. X
a. X
b. X
c. X
d. X
e. Returnsfromgeneral practitioners
4. Followingare epidemiological measurements,
a. Descriptive studies
b. Case control studies
c. Relative risk
d. Age specificmortalityrate
e. Case fatality rate
5. In randomizedcontrolledstudies,
a. X
b. X
c. Doctor not knowingthe drug and placebogroupconsidersingle blinding
d. Regressionuse tocompare results
e. Randomizationisusedtoreduce selectionbias
6. RegardingRCT,

2. a. Carriedoutat one single examinationatthe pointof study
b. Providesinformation aboutthe natural historyof disease
c. X
d. X
e. Attributable riskiscalculated
7. Regardingcase control studies,
a. Is usedinmultiple exposure
b. Is effective instudyingrare diseases.
c. Attributable riskcanbe calculated
d. Both casesand controllersneednottobe takenfromthe same setting
e. Relative riskiscalculated
8. The validityof a screeningtestincludes,
a. Sensitivity
b. reliability
9.