One of the most striking features of our world is its astonishing diversity. This diversity is reflected not only in the rich varieties of plants and animal species and ecosystems in nature, but also in the varieties of human cultures and languages. Both types of diversity are inter-connected. The presentation describes the nature of culture and language from a critical perspective how the role of the individual is essential in preserving one’s linguistic and cultural heritage and in developing one’s native literacies. Some pedagogical implications, strategies, resources, and principles for language teaching and learning are discussed/shared.