Types, Components, Principle, Application, Limitations and New discovery in field of Microscopy

1. M.L.V. GOVT. TEXTILE AND ENG.COLLEGE
By:- SAURABH SHANKAR

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FIRST BREAKTHROUGH
3. VIEWING HEADS
4. TYPES
5. COMPONENTS
6. WORKING PRINCIPLE
7. BASIC FUNCTION
8. MAGNIFICATION
9. APPLICATIONS
10. LIMITATIONS
11. 3-D MICROSCOPY

3. Optical Microscope is a type of microscope which uses visible light and
a system of lenses to magnify images of small samples.
The image from an optical microscope can be captured by normal light-
sensitive cameras to generate a micrograph.
WHAT IT IS ?

4. Dutch spectacle makers, Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans were
responsible for making the first compound microscope in the late 16th century
FIRST BREAKTHROUGH
First compound microscope

5. Monocular - only use one eyepiece when viewing
the specimen.
Inexpensive
Binocular - with two eyepieces which proves to be
more comfortable.
Most common choice.
Trinocular - has a third eyepiece tube that can be
used by another person simultaneously or by a CCD
camera.
Most expensive .
VIEWING HEADS

6. TYPES
Upright Inverted
Research
Metallurgical Measuring

7. Eyepiece
Objective turret
Objective lenses
Stage
Diaphragm and
condenser
Light source
Mechanical stage
Coarse adjustment
Fine adjustment

9. BASIC FUNCTION

10. MAGNIFICATION
 Magnification of a compound optical microscope is the product of the powers
of the ocular (eyepiece) and the objective lens.
 If the magnification of the eyepiece is 10x and the magnification of the objective
lens is 40x, the overall magnification is 400x.
 The maximum normal magnifications of the ocular and objective are 10× and
100× respectively, giving a final magnification of 1,000×.

11.  Microelectronics, nanophysics, biotechnology, pharmaceutical research,
mineralogy and microbiology
 Medical diagnosis, the field being termed
histopathology when dealing with tissues, or in smear
tests on free cells or tissue fragments.
 Measuring microscopes are used for precision measurement.
APPLICATIONS
 In Industrial use, binocular microscopes are common.

12. LIMITATIONS
 At very high magnifications with transmitted light, point objects are seen as
fuzzy discs surrounded by diffraction rings , airy disks.
 Impacts of diffraction limit the ability to resolve fine details.
Airy Disks

13. 3-D microscopy images (upper) and SEM images (lower) of Si
samples, laser treated at 25 kHz (A), 70 kHz (B) and 100 kHz (C)