This document discusses the environmental impacts of mobile communication technologies used in smart cities. While mobile communication enables many benefits for smart cities, it also poses environmental and health risks due to radiation. The document outlines both the positive role of mobile networks in connecting smart city infrastructure, as well as the negative effects of radiation from mobile towers and devices on human health. It proposes some solutions to mitigate the environmental risks, such as limiting wireless networks, developing less radiation-intensive technologies, and educating people on reducing radiation exposure from mobile devices.

1. Mobile Communication Environmental Impact for Smart
Cities
Sarves Kumar Meena
M-Tech Scholar
Dept. of Computer, SBCET, Jaipur
(Kumarsamee1994@gmail.com)
Abstract
This paper is special focus on communications technologies for use in smart cities. Smart
mobile devices are fast becoming the epicenter of people's lives. The paper concludes that
mobile Communications are having profound environmental impacts, both positive and
negative. While there are large opportunities for environmental and resources gains through
the diffusion of MCTs, many of these opportunities will lead to incremental changes over the
longer term general labor, capital and resource productivity improvements). Technological and
organizational changes enabled by the Internet and other MCT networks may also have
profound environmental impacts, but evidence on the sign and magnitude of these effects is
still sparse. on the demand side, there is an important role for government in shaping
telecommunications and 'hard' (transport, utilities, buildings, urban form) infrastructures that
will determine whether opportunities for radical improvements in resource productivity will
arise from the diffusion of MCTs. Many of the information gaps endemic to environmental
policy making can be reduced through the intelligent use of gent systems.
Keyword– Smart City, Mobile Communication, Wireless Network Technology, Internet of
Things, Urban areas, long Term Evolution
1. Introduction
During the latest years of XX century, two important phenomena have been emerging:
urbanization and information and communication technologies (e.g. ICT). Eighties’ and
nineties’ technological advancement and economic growth contributed to increase well-
being, mainly in the greater urban centers. This fostered the urbanization leading to a
progressive abandonment of rural areas towards greater cities and metropolis, which can offer

2. many opportunities in terms of work, education, social life and so on. People strong
inclination to concentrate in cities generated both positive and negative effects at global
level[1]. Due to advancements in communication and computing technologies, smart cities
have become a main innovation agenda of research organizations, technology vendors, and
governments. To make a city smart, a strong communications infrastructure is required for
connecting smart objects, people, and sensors. Smart cities rely on wireless and mobile
technologies for providing services such as healthcare assistance, security and safety, real-
time traffic monitoring, and managing the environment, to name a few. Such applications
have been a main driving force in the development of smart cities. Without the appropriate
communication networks, it is really difficult for a city to facilitate its citizens in a
sustainable, efficient, and safer manner/ environment. Considering the significance of mobile
and wireless technologies for realizing the vision of smart cities, there is a need for
conducting research to further investigate the standardization efforts and explore different
issues/challenges in wireless technologies, mobile computing, and smart environments [2].
A. Smart City
A smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic data collection sensors to
supply information which is used to manage assets and resources efficiently [3].
Figure1. Smart City [4]
B. Mobile Communication, Wireless Network Technology & Internet for Smart Cities.

3. Mobile communication is evolving day by day and has become a must have for everyone.
Mobile communication is the exchange of voice and data using a communication
infrastructure at the same time regardless of any physical link. Mobile Communications
important play in smart city development. Generally Mobile Communication is based in
wireless network technology. Smart cities are becoming reality, due to the enormous research
into the technology enablers and development of the Internet of Things (IoT) enabling a
multitude of applications, which are built around various types of sensors. To manage the
increased population of cities, there is a need to have more sustainable, environmentally-, and
economically-friendly smarter cities and technologies. Communication within cities involves
multiple aggregations and access networks that can be either public or private. A city may
gather data from smart devices and sensors embedded in the roadways, power grids,
buildings, and other assets. It shares that data via a smart communications system that is
typically a combination of wired and wireless networks. It then uses smart software to create
valuable information and digitally enhanced services such as health care assistance, security
and safety, real-time traffic monitoring, and managing the environment. Potential topics
include but are not limited to the following [5]
 Resource and network management in smart cities
 Wireless Networking for crowd sensing applications in smart cities
 Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms for wireless networks in smart cities
 Integration and coexistence of technologies and networks for smart cities
 Mobile Traffic analytics for smart cities applications
 Interoperability between heterogeneous networks of smart cities
 Smart applications for smart cities
 Communication architectures for audio and video sensors in smart cities
 Energy-aware wireless protocols and algorithms for smart cities
 Sensing technologies and applications for smart cities
 Wireless networks for smart city surveillance and management
 Experimental network measurements and characterization of smart cities data traffic
 Cooperative and smart sensing techniques
 Sensor deployment, placement, and control and management issues
 Experimental results, prototypes, and test beds for smart cities
 Security issues and solutions for privacy in smart cities
 Role of intelligent transportation in smart cities

4.  Big data analytics for smart networks
 Cognitive networks and IoT for smart cities
 Smart recovery of incomplete or missing data in IoT for smart cities
 Mobile edge computing (or fog computing) in smart networks
 Smart grid in wireless smart cities
 Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) for
smart cities
 Future internet architectures and smart cities
Information and communication are keys to the intelligent city of tomorrow. Communication,
data exchange and interconnectedness are the basis for all other key subjects of the smart city.
The modern city is based on a new communication concept that combines the traditional,
separate communication infrastructures from sensor networks to information networks and
mobile communication [6]
C. Internet of Things ( IoT).
Figure2. An Example of IoT [7]
Figure3. Elements of IoT [7]

5. D. Environmental Pollution.
Generally, the environmental pollution or changes has been defined as presence of substances
in the environment that can causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the physical
systems or living organisms. Environmental pollution from mobile communication is very
harmful for human and animals. radiation from communication technology which is very
dangerous. This paper is based on saving from radiation pollution that has the major cause of
many health issues in human beings. These polluted substances usually result from mobile
tower and other wireless machines. Radiation pollution is one of the major issues for health
of humans, so the free radiation pollution is basic necessity for good health.
Types of radiation
Radiation is classified as being ionizing or nonionizing. Both types can be harmful to humans
and other organisms [8].
a) Nonionizing radiation
Nonionizing radiation is relatively long-wavelength electromagnetic radiation, such as radio
waves, microwaves, visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and very low-energy
electromagnetic fields. Nonionizing radiation is generally considered less dangerous than
ionizing radiation. However, some forms of nonionizing radiation, such as ultraviolet, can
damage biological molecules and cause health problems. Scientists do not yet fully
understand the longer-term health effects of some forms of nonionizing radiation, such as that
from very low-level electromagnetic fields (e.g., high-voltage power lines), although the
evidence to date suggests that the risks are extremely small [8].
b) Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation is the short wavelength radiation or particulate radiation emitted by certain
unstable isotopes during radioactive decay. There are about 70 radioactive isotopes, all of
which emit some form of ionizing radiation as they decay from one isotope to another. A
radioactive isotope typically decays through a series of other isotopes until it reaches a stable
one. As indicated by its name, ionizing radiation can ionize the atoms or molecules with
which it interacts. In other words, ionizing radiation can cause other atoms to release their
electrons. These free electrons can damage many biochemical, such as proteins, lipids, and
nucleic acids (including DNA). If intense, this damage can cause severe human health
problems, including cancers, and even death. Ionizing radiation can be either short-
wavelength electromagnetic radiation or particulate radiation. Gamma radiation and X-

6. radiation are short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation. Alpha particles, beta particles,
neutrons, and protons are particulate radiation. Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma
rays are the most commonly encountered forms of radioactive pollution. Alpha particles are
simply ionized helium nuclei, and consist of two protons and two neutrons. Beta particles are
electrons, which have a negative charge. Gamma radiation is high-energy electromagnetic
radiation [8].
2. Paper Motivation.
In this paper, our main motivation on the side effects of Mobile Communications. It’s
important for people to reach this information that nowadays the mobile radiation is getting
so much damage. Here, we want to aware make people of related problems of mobile
radiation.
3. Benefits of Mobile Telecommunications for Smart cities Environment.
Mobile communication systems play a very important role in smart cities. They must be
highly reliable and available as well as flexible, economical, and environmentally conscious.
To satisfy these difficult requirements, Hitachi is accelerating its research and development
of new telecommunication systems for smart cities.
Figure4 Telecommunication Systems in Smart Cities [9]
Mobile communication systems connect together all the elements that make up a smart city to
provide services seamlessly using most appropriate communication technologies.
The basic Advantages of MCT
 Easy Communication
 Easy Connection with new technology and Social Media
 Help in Business
 Helpful in Emergency

7. 4. Mobile Communication’s Effects on Smart Cities Environment.
We all know that Mobile Communication Technology is constantly increasing in the world
because it has made our lives easier. Radiation of mobile phones has a profound effect on
human health and environment. Most people in the world use a mobile phone, so the
radiation of the mobile phone has become a topic of discussion. Some people believe that the
mobile phone that uses electromagnetic radiation causes health damage to the human
organism. According to the World Health Organization, May 31, 2011, using mobile phones
for long periods of time can be harmful.[10][11]. Scientists have classified mobile phone
radiation as "possibly carcinogen for humans". Both mobile phones and coffee have been
categorized as class 2b with carcinogens. This list has been received by some new studies that
the connection between the use of mobile phones and the tumor between the brain and the
salivary gland has been found. According to the 2009 Meta Vestration of Lenarth Hurdel and
Uskay colleagues, Which was done on eleven students, according to which people who use
mobile phones for more than ten years, the risk of brain tumor doubles.
1) How much radiation is there?
Microwave radiation is caused by electromagnetic waves, whose frequency is 1000 to 3000
MHz. Microwave ovens, ACs, wireless computers, cordless phones and other wireless
devices also generate radiation. But due to the ever increasing use, near and close to the body,
mobile radiation can prove to be the most dangerous. Mobile radiation comes in two ways,
from mobile towers and mobile phones
2) Mobile tower or phone, with whom more damage?
Mobile phones are more close to us, so it should be more harmful, but more trouble comes
from the tower because we do not use mobile continuously, whereas the towers are constantly
spreading radiation round the clock. If we talk about hour on the mobile, we get 23 hours to
compensate for the damage done, while the people living near the tower live in the Jodi of the
continuous waves. If there is a parallel tower, then people living in it may start to have health
related problems within 2-3 years.
3) Which area of mobile tower damages most?
The 300 meter area of the mobile tower has the highest radiation. Most waves come out in
front of antenna. Obviously, the damage towards the front is even higher, compared to the

8. back and down. In the damage caused by the mobile tower, it also matters that the house is in
front of the antenna on the tower or behind. Similarly, distance is also very important. There
is a radiation of more than 100 times in the tower's one meter area. The more antenna will be
on the tower, the radiation will be as much
4) Important effects on health are given below or given below:
a. Many harmful expanses of the mobile phone are used. The cell used in the manufacture of
mobile phones is cadmium, lithium, copper, lead, zinc and mercury, which are considered
to be poisonous. Due to the dissolution of these harmful substances and soil rust, the soil
becomes polluted, apart from this, the land also makes the water poisonous. Not just
mobile phones, but their production also has many negative effects on the environment.
The production of new mobile phones is also Karak for climate change and greenhouse
effect. Grinding Hauls Gasses can be sprayed up to about ninety percent of the recycling
of mobile phones.
b. Apart from this, the use of mobile phones can cause many parts of the body to cause mein
pain. Due to fast delivery of e-mails and messages, pain and swelling of the joints are felt.
The pain in the back is due to the use of mobile too.
c. The use of mobile causes the temperature of the brain to fluctuate. Due to radiation
arising from mobile phones, the temperature in the brain decreases.
d. By the way, there is not even complete information about the bad effect on the health of
mobile phone towers completely so far. But according to some reports mobile phone
tower can have many types of health loss like! Abnormal increase in cells, mastitis
tumors, deficiency in the immune system capacity, decrease in sleep and anxiety,
disorders associated with blood cancer in children, sterility and abortion and many other
types of health.[12][13][14][15].
5. Smart Cities Environment protection from Mobile Communication’s dangerous
Effects
Mobile Communications Technology is specially role plays in smart city development. MCTs
are increasing day by day. Losses from this are increasing day by day, which is very harmful
to our environment and we have discussed above the losses caused by this. If we don’t play

9. attention to this side one day we will lose our creation, so we can’t ignore its loss. The First
Question to us that how to protect of Environmental from MCT’s dangerous?
We consider some points below for smart cities environmental safety:
A. Environmental monitoring:
Fixed and mobile sensors gather observations on several phenomena related to the
environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, noise, air pollution, or
electromagnetic fields.
B. The Basics technical help idea for Environmental Protection:
Generally, major problem is radiation from MCs at Current time.
o Control on Mobile Communication
o Limitations on Mobile Tower
o Minimum Wireless Network Tower in Smart Cities.
o Develop new radiation less technology
o Where there is excessive radiation, the tower should be removed.
o Use loudspeakers and Headphones when you’re talking in your mobile.
o If we use Bluetooth, then radiation in our body will be a bit more arbore if Bluetooth
turns on, then the 10 mt watts power will be unresponsive. Along with the power out of
the mobile, this body will also be reabsorbing. In this way, if you talk about Bluetooth
then keep the mobile away from your body. It's good to have a distance of one foot.
o We must have knowledge of mobile radiation effects every time.
C. How long the use of mobile?
Use of mobile phones for 24 minutes throughout the day is compulsory for health. It is also
important that you’re mobile's SAR what is the value? Talking to more SAR values on
phones less often is more harmful than talking more on phones with low SAR values. The use
of landline phones for long-term negotiation is an easy way to avoid radiation. It can also
understand that use of landline phones in the office or home. Avoid using cordless phones.
D. How Can Mobile Phone Radiation Reduce?
You can also apply ferrite bead (a device that absorbs radiation) with your phone to reduce
radiation. The use of mobile phone radiation shield is also a good way. Nowadays, many
companies are selling such equipment in the market. Can use radiation block applications
Actually, these are special types of software that can block WiFi, Blue-tooth, GPS or antenna
for a specific time.
E. How to avoid the tower radiation?

10. These measures can be effective in avoiding mobile radiation:
o As far as possible from the Mobile Tower, stay away.
o Speak to reduce power of antenna from tower company
o If there is a mobile tower at the front of the house then keep the window of the house
closed-door.
o Radiation detectors help in radiation level at home Spend less time in areas where
radiation is high
6. Conclusion
In this paper, we analyzed the solutions currently available for the implementation of urban
Mobile Communications. This paper, the urban environment represents a perfect ecosystem
to start a new common approach in the design and deployment of MC infrastructures and
services. Access to the right information at the right time allows citizens, service providers
and city government to make better decisions. Mobile communications are having major
economic impacts, and from these flow a wide range of both positive and negative impacts on
the environment. In general, effects on the design and operation of products and services have
a positive environmental impact. However, there is great uncertainty about the effects on
consumer behavior, aggregate demand and the composition aft economic growth whether
growth is substantially de materialized or not. It seems highly likely, though currently
impossible to confirm, that there will be a mismatch between opportunities for greater
environmental effidency at the micro-level and resource use and environmental impacts in the
aggregate. we should work with a new strategy. Keeping in mind the environment of smart
city, we should develop the technology that is environmentally friendly and meet the criteria.
Finally, future research directions and open problems regarding mobile communication have
been presented.
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