vehvle tracking system

1. Vehicle tracking system with theft- protection
Introduction:
Vehicle tracking system with theft protection is designed for police to have all
information of vehicle crossing any traffic signal with control to stop any car anywhere in
the world. The general object of the subject invention is to provide an integrated system
for tracking motor vehicles. To attain this objective the present invention essentially
comprises a tamper-proof, electronic vehicular license plate having all electronic
components integrated therein, roadside and mobile receivers for detecting vehicles and
decoding the RF transmission, and an information system for making the data useful to
law enforcement, industry, and private citizens. There are, of course, additional features
of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter
of the claims appended hereto.
A vehicle tracking system with theft protection uses a radio-frequency electronic vehicle
license plate in conjunction with roadside receivers and information system architecture.
The system is used to identify and track vehicles, detecting vehicles operating in violation
of the law, and automatically issuing citations. It also has feature that vehicle can be stop
by police anywhere in the world using mobile phone.
The system comprising of
1. RF electronic Registration plate attached to a vehicle, the license plate having
integrated 12 bit code and transmitting components, the electronic transmitting
components capable of transmitting radio-frequency signals containing information about
the license plate and the vehicle status.
2. DTMF based Fuel locking system which also installed in the vehicle, can be used to
lock unlock fuel of vehicle anywhere in the world using mobile phone.
3. A series of spaced roadside RF information receivers for detecting vehicles and
decoding the transmission signals into data. Also it checks compliance with vehicle
registration, insurance etc.

2. HT12E FM or 433MHz
Code editor Encoder Transmitter
RF Licence plate
FM or 433MHZ
Receiver HT12D
Decoder
16*2 LCD
Keypad Display
Microcontroller
RF Information Receiver
Mobile as DTMF Mobile as DTMF Solnoid operated
Transmitter
Receiver fuel lock
DTMF Transmitter and DTMF based fuel lock
:

3. Circuit Diagram:
.
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DTMF fuel lock:

4. RF information receiver:

6. Working:
RF Registration plate: In this project an RF circuitry is installed in each and every car
which continuously transmits 12 bit code. The configuration of code is done using data
bit of HT12E D8-D11. If any of pins connected to the 5v through resister, HT12E read it
as 1. In case of pressing switch IC reads 0. For this purpose we have used HT 12E
encoder. HT 12 E is 2^12 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system
applications. They are capable of encoding information which consists of N address bits
and 12_N data bits. Each address/ data input can be set to one of the two logic states. The
programmed addresses/data are transmitted together with the header bits via an RF
transmission medium upon receipt of a trigger signal. The capability to select a TE
trigger on the HT12E or a DATA trigger on the HT12A further enhances the application
Flexibility of the 212 series of encoders. The HT12A additionally provides a 38kHz
carrier for infrared systems.
DTMF Fuel locks: In the car DTMF based fuel lock is installed which can be activated
or deactivated using mobile phone. Mobile work as a DTMF receiver and encoded hybrid
frequency DTMF code tone is decoded by 9170 IC. 8870 Decode DTMF tone and
convert into BCD code, output depending upon which key is pressed at the transmitter
side. The table shows encoded output.

7. Pressed Mobile key D3 D2 D1 D0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
* 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0
# 1 1 0 0
This four digit output is directly given 7400 IC. 7400 is two input NAND gate. The
7400 is configured as three inputs AND gate using four NAND gate. The three lower
bit of HT9170 is connected to 7400. The three input AND gate gives output high only
in case of pressed key is 7 ie all input is high. So when some one press key 7 from
remote mobile unit binary 0111 is decoded and applied to 7400, which gives output
high. For high output transistor conducts and activate solenoid. The solenoid is used for
fuel locking.
RF information receiver:
As shown in the circuit diagram it consists of HT12D receiver, Microcontroller interface
and LCD display.

8. HT 12D Receive 12 bit decoded data transmitted by RF license plate and encode data for
further processing. The HT12D is 12 bit decoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote
control system applications. They are paired with Holtek_s 2^12 series of encoders. For
proper operation, a pair of encoder/decoder with the same number of addresses and data
format should be chosen. The decoders receive serial addresses and data from a
programmed 2^12 series of encoders that are transmitted by a carrier using an RF
transmission medium. They compare the serial input data three times continuously with
their local addresses. If no error or unmatched codes are found, the input data codes are
decoded and then transferred to the output pins. The VT pin also goes high to indicate a
valid transmission. The 2^12 series of decoders are capable of decoding information’s
that consist of N bits of address and 12_N bits of data. Of this series, the HT12D is
arranged to provide 8 address bits and 4 data bits.
The 12 (only 4 bit used) bit code received by HT12D is further applied to the
microcontroller. Corresponding to each code microcontroller assign a unique Registration
number, Owner name and address, License number, Vehicle status (Stolen or not). These
assigned information is continuously displayed on LCD. All information can also be
checked using keypad.
The brain of our project is 89c52 microcontroller. It scans input port code coming
from HT12D and compare with predefined code if match found display corresponding
information. The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcomputer with 8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory
(PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory
technology and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set
and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-
system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile
8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful
microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many
embedded control applications.

9. The AT89C52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of
RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt
architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition,
the AT89C52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and
supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU
while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The Power Down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator,
disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.
The display section consists of 16*2 LCD, which used to display Summary of IC being
Inserted and result of test being conducted.
LCDs can add a lot to your application in terms of providing an useful interface for the
user, debugging an application or just giving it a "professional" look. The most common
type of LCD controller is the Hitatchi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface
between a processor and an LCD.
Pin Description:
Pins Description
1 Ground
2 Vcc
3 Contrast Voltage
4 "R/S" _Instruction/Register Select
5 "R/W" _Read/Write LCD Registers
6 "E" Clock
7 - 14 Data I/O Pins
15-16 LED+ LED-
The LCD interface is a parallel bus, allowing simple and fast reading/writing of data to
and from the LCD.
This waveform will write an ASCII Byte out to the LCD's screen. The ASCII code to be
displayed is eight bits long and is sent to the LCD either four or eight bits at a time. If
four bit mode is used, two "nybbles" of data (Sent high four bits and then low four bits

10. with an "E" Clock pulse with each nybble) are sent to make up a full eight bit transfer.
The "E" Clock is used to initiate the data transfer within the LCD.
Sending parallel data as either four or eight bits are the two primary modes of operation.
While there are secondary considerations and modes, deciding how to send the data to the
LCD is most critical decision to be made for an LCD interface application.
Eight bit mode is best used when speed is required in an application and at least ten I/O
pins are available. Four bit mode requires a minimum of six bits. To wire a
microcontroller to an LCD in four bit mode, just the top four bits (DB4-7) are written to.
The "R/S" bit is used to select whether data or an instruction is being transferred between
the microcontroller and the LCD. If the Bit is set, then the byte at the current LCD
"Cursor" Position can be read or written. When the Bit is reset, either an instruction is
being sent to the LCD or the execution status of the last instruction is read back (whether
or not it has completed). The different instructions available for use with the 44780 are
shown in the table below:
R/S R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Instruction/Description
4 5 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 Pins
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Clear Display
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 * Return Cursor and LCD to Home Position
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ID S Set Cursor Move Direction
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B Enable Display/Cursor

11. 0 0 0 0 0 1 SC RL * * Move Cursor/Shift Display
0 0 0 0 1 DL N F * * Set Interface Length
0 0 0 1 A A A A A A Move Cursor into CGRAM
0 0 1 A A A A A A A Move Cursor to Display
0 1 BF * * * * * * * Poll the "Busy Flag"
Write a Character to the Display at the Current
1 0 D D D D D D D D
Cursor Position
Read the Character on the Display at the
1 1 D D D D D D D D
Current Cursor Position
The bit descriptions for the different commands are:
"*" - Not Used/Ignored. This bit can be either "1" or "0"
Set Cursor Move Direction:
ID - Increment the Cursor After Each Byte Written to Display if Set
S - Shift Display when Byte Written to Display
Enable Display/Cursor
D - Turn Display On(1)/Off(0)
C - Turn Cursor On(1)/Off(0)
B - Cursor Blink On(1)/Off(0)
Move Cursor/Shift Display
SC - Display Shift On(1)/Off(0)
RL - Direction of Shift Right(1)/Left(0)
Set Interface Length
DL - Set Data Interface Length 8(1)/4(0)
N - Number of Display Lines 1(0)/2(1)
F - Character Font 5x10(1)/5x7(0)
Poll the "Busy Flag"
BF - This bit is set while the LCD is processing
Move Cursor to CGRAM/Display
A - Address
Read/Write ASCII to the Display
D - Data

12. Reading Data back is best used in applications which required data to be moved back and
forth on the LCD (such as in applications which scroll data between lines). The "Busy
Flag" can be polled to determine when the last instruction that has been sent has
completed processing. In most applications, I just tie the "R/W" line to ground because I
don't read anything back. This simplifies the application because when data is read back,
the microcontroller I/O pins have to be alternated between input and output modes.
For most applications, there really is no reason to read from the LCD. I usually tie "R/W"
to ground and just wait the maximum amount of time for each instruction (4.1 msecs for
clearing the display or moving the cursor/display to the "home position", 160 usecs for all
other commands). As well as making my application software simpler, it also frees up a
microcontroller pin for other uses. Different LCDs execute instructions at different rates
and to avoid problems later on (such as if the LCD is changed to a slower unit), I
recommend just using the maximum delays given above.
In terms of options, I have never seen a 5x10 LCD display. This means that the "F" bit in
the "Set Interface Instruction" should always be reset (equal to "0").
Before you can send commands or data to the LCD module, the Module must be
initialized. For eight bit mode, this is done using the following series of operations:
1. Wait more than 15 msecs after power is applied.
2. Write 0x030 to LCD and wait 5 msecs for the instruction to complete
3. Write 0x030 to LCD and wait 160 usecs for instruction to complete
4. Write 0x030 AGAIN to LCD and wait 160 usecs or Poll the Busy Flag
5. Set the Operating Characteristics of the LCD
o Write "Set Interface Length"
o Write 0x010 to turn off the Display
o Write 0x001 to Clear the Display
o Write "Set Cursor Move Direction" Setting Cursor Behaviour Bits
o Write "Enable Display/Cursor" & enable Display and Optional Cursor

13. In describing how the LCD should be initialized in four bit mode, I will specify writing to
the LCD in terms of nybbles. This is because initially, just single nybbles are sent (and
not two, which make up a byte and a full instruction). As I mentioned above, when a byte
is sent, the high nybble is sent before the low nybble and the "E" pin is toggled each time
four bits is sent to the LCD. To initialize in four bit mode:
1. Wait more than 15 msecs after power is applied.
2. Write 0x03 to LCD and wait 5 msecs for the instruction to complete
3. Write 0x03 to LCD and wait 160 usecs for instruction to complete
4. Write 0x03 AGAIN to LCD and wait 160 usecs (or poll the Busy Flag)
5. Set the Operating Characteristics of the LCD
o Write 0x02 to the LCD to Enable Four Bit Mode
All following instruction/Data Writes require two nybble writes.
o Write "Set Interface Length"
o Write 0x01/0x00 to turn off the Display
o Write 0x00/0x01 to Clear the Display
o Write "Set Cursor Move Direction" Setting Cursor Behaviour Bits
Write "Enable Display/Cursor" & enable Display and Optional Cursor