Structure and functions of human nervous system is dicussed.

1. STRUCTURE OF
NEPHRON
Brijesh Singh
M.Sc. Previous (Zoology)

2. Nephron
• Functional and structural unit of the kidney.
• Approximately one million nephrons in each
kidney.
• Each nephron has two components.
• Vascular component
• Tubular component

3. Tubular components of Nephron
▪️ Bowman's capsule
▪️ Proximal convoluted tubule
▪️ Loop of Henle
▪️ Descending limb (thin)
▪️ Ascending limb (thin and thick part)
▪️ Distal convoluted tubule
▪️ Collecting duct or tubule

7. Nephron (vascular component)
• Dominant part is the glomerulus.
• Glomerulus is a tuft of glomerular
capillaries.
• Large amounts of fluid & solutes are
filtered from the blood Afferent arteriole,
Efferent arteriole, Glomerular capsule,
Glomerulus, Proximal convoluted tubule.

9. Vascular Component
•Renal Artery enters the kidney and
forms afferent arteriole, which supplies
each nephron.
•Afferent arteriole delivers blood to the
glomerulus.
•Glomerular capillaries rejoin to form
another arteriole–the efferent arteriole.
•The blood that was not filtered in the
glomerulus goes to efferent arteriole.

10. Efferent arteriole gives second set of
capillaries, the peritubular capillaries,
which supply the renal tissue and are
important in exchange with tubular
system.
(Peritubular means around the tubular
system)
▪️ Peritubular capillaries rejoin to form
venules, that drain in renal vein.

11. Nephron
Two types of nephrons which are
distinguished by location and length of their
structures.
▪️ Juxtamedullary nephrons
▪️ Cortical nephrons

12. Cortical nephron and juxtamedullar nephron

13. IMPORTANT FACTS
• All nephron originate in the cortex.
• Glomeruli of cortical nephron lie in the outer
layer of cortex .
• Glomeruli of Juxta medullary nephron lie in the
inner layer of the cortex near the medulla.
• The kidney cannot regenerate new nephrons.
• Aging causes a gradual decrease in the number
of nephron.

14. IMPORTANT FACTS
• Loop of Henle absent in cold blooded animals.
• Loop of Henle maximum developed in xeric
animals (like camel).