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U4SSC: Blockchain for cities
- 1. U4SSC: United for SmartSustainable Cities Initiatives SOUMAYA BEN DHAOU Research Coordinator | UNU-EGOV
- 2. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 2 • Mission, Institutes • UNU-EGOV, Research Program UNU – United Nations University • U4SSC inititiatives related to: • IoT, AI, Blockchain • Circular Cities • Funding of SSC Projects • Sensing technology U4SSC - United for Smart Sustainable Cities Agenda
- 3. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 3 UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY • To carry out policy-relevant research • To translate research findings into relevant policy instruments • To build capacity and maintain research and policy networks MISSION
- 4. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 4 United for Smart Sustainable Cities Supported by:Coordinated by:
- 5. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 5 U4SSC Initiative Launched by ITU, in response to the Sustainable Development Goal 11: "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. “ U4SSC advocates for public policy to encourage a responsible use of ICTs to facilitate and ease the transition to smart sustainable cities.
- 6. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 6 U4SSC Initiative Objectives • Create frameworks for Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC). • Provide practical guidance to decision makers. • Foster discussion on ICT for SSC. • Encourage cooperation and knowledge sharing • Support implementation of key performance indicators (KPIs). • Support the transition of the cities to smart cities. • Provide policy recommendations.
- 7. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 7 U4SSC : General Goals • Guidelines, • Policies • Frameworks for the integration of ICTs into urban operations, • Streamline smart sustainable cities action plans • establish best practices with feasible targets. SDGs, international standards and urban key performance indicators (KPIs);
- 8. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 8 U4SSC – Ongoing projects Blockchain 4 Cities City science application framework Guidelines on strategies for circular cities Guidelines on tools and mechanisms to finance SSC projects Guiding principles for artificial intelligence in cities The Impact of Frontier Technologies on Cities The smart city Index (KPI, CPI SSCI)
- 9. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 9 B4C – Blockchain for Cities and Communities Objectives: Understand and assess the effective contribution of BC to develop SSC Present the potential and transformative effect of blockchain on sustainable smart cities. Identify, define and assess the benefits and risks of the use of blockchain. •Create a framework for policy assessment and design
- 10. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 10 Purpose of the deliverable Guideline for supporting local regional and/or nationals decision makers How blockchain technology can contribute to make Smart and Sustainable cities? • Exploring the application of blockchain in supporting development at the city level raising the Generic Urban Problem Categories/ Communities level • Identifying the Challenges and Benefits of B4C&C • Developing a framework for assessing and designing blockchain to support decision makers in rgards of blockchain • Socio-technical perspective (Technology, Context, Resources and capabilities, Ethics and regulations, sustainability, etc) • Providing policy recommendations • Guideline (or key considerations) for design and implementation
- 11. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 11 City science application framework Goal: Use of mathematical models to solve urban problems Stakeholders: City Administrators Timeframe: Nov. 2017- 2019 Results: Creation of a framework to guide city administrators
- 12. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 12 Guidelines on strategies for circular cities Goal: Creation of a framework with strategies for circular cities Stakeholders: City Administrators, Policy Makers and Private Sector Timeframe: Nov. 2017-2019 Results: Assessment of circularity potential of assets and resources
- 13. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 13 Guidelines on tools and mechanisms to finance SSC projects Goal: Framework for project prioritization Stakeholders: City stakeholders, private sector, investors, financial institutions Timeframe: Nov. 2017 – Jul. 2019 Results: Enhance the capacity to implement appropriate projects
- 14. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 14 The impact of Sensing technologies and IoT in Cities Goal: Evaluate the impact of sensing technologies and IoT in Cities Stakeholders: City Managers Timeframe: Jan. 2018 – Oct. 2019 Results: Support decisions about adoption and identify challenges
- 15. How can citiesmeasure their progress to achieve SDGs? Is your city smart? Is your city sustainable?
- 16. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 16 KPI’s for SSC Key performance indicators for SSC The U4SSC developed a set of KPIs for SSC: - to establish the criteria to evaluate ICT´s contributions in making cities smarter and more sustainable, and - to provide cities with the means for self-assessments in order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
- 17. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 17 Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals Becoming a smarter city Becoming a more sustainable city These indicators have been developed to provide cities with a consistent and standardized method to collect data and measure performance and progress to: Cities will be able to: Compare their progress over time Compare their performance to other cities Through analysis and sharing allow for the dissemination of best practices Set standards for progress in meeting the SDGs Objectives Objectives of the KPI’s
- 18. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 18 KPIs Principles Comprehensiveness: The set of indicators should cover all the aspects of SSC. Availability: The KPIs should be quantitative and the historic and current data should be either available or easy to collect. Simplicity: The concept of each indicator should be simple and easy to understand for the urban stakeholders. Timeliness: This refers to the ability to produce KPIs with respect to emerging issues in SSC construction.
- 19. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 19 54 Core Indicators + 37 advanced Indicators 20 Smart + 32 Structural + 39 Sustainable 132 Data Collection Points 3 Dimensions Core indicators: should be to be reported on by all cities, provide a basic outline of smartness and sustainability Advanced indicators: provide a more in depth view of a city and measure progress on more advanced initiatives KPI’s Structure
- 20. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 20 Economy ICT Infrastructure Water and Sanitation Drainage Electricity Supply Transport Public Sector Innovation Employment Waste Buildings Urban Planning Environment Air Quality Water and Sanitation Waste Environmental Quality Public Space and Nature Energy Society and Culture Education Health Culture Housing Social Inclusion Safety Food Security Dimension Category ICT Productivity Infrastructure Environment Energy Education, Health and Culture Safety, Housing and Social Inclusion Sub- Dimension KPIs Structure
- 21. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 21 Economy ICT Productivity Infrastructure Smart Water Meters e-Government Unemployment rates ICT sector employment Access to electricity Shared vehicles Environment Environment Society and Culture GHG emission Adult literacy Child Care Availability Recreational facilities KPIs Examples
- 22. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 22 The Case of Dubai The Case of Singapore Visit: http://www.itu.int/go/ITU-T-SSC The Case of Moscow Case Studies on the Implementation of KPIs for SSC
- 23. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 23 To support cities in the implementation and use of the SSC KPIs To test and verify the applicability of SSC-KPIs in several cities of the world. To develop a global Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) Index. Add your city! Maldonado Guangshan Wuxi Dubai Manizales Montevideo and many others… Singapore Valencia Pully Foshan Moscow KPIs Project for Smart Sustainable Cities to Reach SDGs
- 24. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 24 Available for free on the U4SSC website: http://itu.int/go/U4SSC U4SSC Publications
- 25. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 25 Next step: Global city index project Confusion for cities between • UN-Habitat City Prosperity Index (CPI) • ITU-T Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities (KPI) • Many other standards and indices competing for attention Aims are to • Build on experience gained so far by ITU-T, UNU and UN-Habitat • Create a global city index • Cover both smart and sustainable goals • Flexible to meet needs of different cities • Consistent indicators to allow comparison • Develop capacity of cities to collect and use data
- 26. Samos 2019 SummitGovernment 3.0 Samos | 02 July 2019 | 26 Review of Smart Sustainable City measures UNU is preparing a review of Smart Sustainable City standards and indices Aim is to understand • What standards and indexes are in use • Their quality, application and usefulness • To develop guidelines for city managers on what measures to use Progress • Over 50 indices identified • Information collected for 18 • Conference paper submitted on preliminary results • Final paper expected July/August • Policy brief expected July/August
- 27.
Editor's Notes
- #5 The “United for Smart Sustainable Cities” (U4SSC) is a UN initiative coordinated by ITU, UNECE and UN-Habitat, and supported by CBD, ECLAC, FAO, ITU, UNDP, UNECA, UNECE, UNESCO, UN Environment, UNEP-FI, UNFCCC, UNIDO.
- #8 Help streamline smart sustainable cities action plans and establish best practices with feasible targets that urban development stakeholders are encouraged to meet.
- #9 Currently, the U4SSC is working on the following deliverables: Guidelines on tools and mechanisms to finance SSC projects Guidelines on strategies for circular cities City science application framework and Blockchain 4 cities The following deliverables were approved during the Third U4SSC meeting held on 26 April 2018 in Málaga, Spain: Guiding principles for artificial intelligence in cities - New The impact of Artificial Intelligence and cognitive computing in Cities - New The impact of data processing and computation in cities - New The impact of sensing technologies and IoT in cities - New I would like to take the opportunity now to invite you to join the U4SSC, and also the different online discussions that are taking place during the year. I am sure that you have a lot to contribute to the development of these deliverables.
- #10 Why – What and How Why do cities and communities need to BC What type of Design of BC if needed How to implement
- #11 assess the role of distributed ledger technologies for city development, it is important to also look at the risks and uncertainty associated with DLT (e.g. scalability problem, ethics etc). Data collection Consultation and participation from experts would be required to define the technical, financial, and public policies needed to design blockchain solutions for cities Policy recommendations Action plan
- #12 Activities: -Apply a scientific approach / problem solving to real urban problems (going beyond obvious visualizations) - Recast urban problems as mathematical modelling problems - Apply the solutions to the problems - Analyze results and assess urban solution o Potential mathematical modelling tools to be used : § Deterministic modeling; Stochastic modeling § Operations Research - Optimization ; Simulation § Artificial Intelligence – Machine Learning
- #13 Activities: o Promote the change from linear cities to circular cities o Towards a framework for circular cities o Identify assets and resources in a city (waste, energy, water, buildings) o Assess their circularity potential (recycle, reuse, share, regenerate) o Prioritize circularity impact by Ease of Implementation and Targeted Impact o Guidelines for Strategies to Implement Circular Cities More info: https://bit.ly/2Ux1DK5
- #14 Objectives: • Connect city stakeholders (private sector, investors, donors, financial services institutions) to identify and develop smart sustainable city projects; • Support cities to develop a framework for project prioritisation process and enhance capacities to implement the projects; • Set-up innovative, blended investment and financing mechanisms to enable the flow of capital for the implementation of smart sustainable city projects. More info: https://bit.ly/2FSGa65
- #15 Objectives: Evaluate technologies for IoT in Cities Support added-value services for city administration and citizens Address the challenges regarding security, privacy, installation of IoT devices, wireless communication, growing volume of data and integration of solutions More info: https://bit.ly/2FSGWA1
- #19 The principle of the KPIs are: Comprehensiveness: The set of indicators should cover all the aspects of SSC. Availability: The KPIs should be quantitative and the historic and current data should be either available or easy to collect. Independence: The KPIs in the same dimension should be independent or almost-orthogonal i.e., overlap of the KPIs should be avoided as much as possible. Simplicity: The concept of each indicator should be simple and easy to understand for the urban stakeholders. Timeliness: This refers to the ability to produce KPIs with respect to emerging issues in SSC construction.
- #20 Each of these dimensions provides a separate view of progress and when reported together provide a holistic view of a smart sustainable city. Within each dimension, there are sub dimension that focus on more specific areas of performance and progress. An example is the ICT Infrastructure sub-dimension which provides a more in-depth view of how ICTs are deployed and used within a city. The indicators are further subdivided into core and advanced indicators. Core indicators are those that should be able to be reported on by all cities, provide a basic outline of smartness and sustainability and higher levels of performance can generally be achievable. Advanced indicators provide a more in depth view of a city and measure progress on more advanced initiatives; however, they may be beyond the current capabilities of some cities to report or implement.
- #21 Each of these dimensions provides a separate view of progress and when reported together provide a holistic view of a smart sustainable city. Within each dimension, there are sub dimension that focus on more specific areas of performance and progress. An example is the ICT Infrastructure sub-dimension which provides a more in-depth view of how ICTs are deployed and used within a city.
- #22 ICT Smart Water Meters: Percentage implementation of smart water meters. A smart water meter is an electronic device that provides real-time measurement of water consumption and transmits those measurements to water utility providers and customers. These measurements can be effective in some conservation programs (such as leak detection) and for providing information to customers on their consumption habits. e-Government: Number of public services delivered through electronic means. E-government aims at improving the relationship between people and their government, through advanced electronic and mobile services. It aims at making public services delivery more effective, accessible and responsive to people’s needs. It also aims at increasing participation in decision-making and making public institutions more transparent and accountable. Productivity Unemployment Rate: Percentage of the total city labour force that is unemployed . Unemployment is a measure of economic health. Rising unemployment signals a weak economy with slow growth and low spending. Central banks often set national targets. For instance, the target of 5-7% unemployment rate in North America would be unacceptable in Japan where 3% is the norm; and would be unrealistically optimistic for Greece which has a 23% unemployment rate. ICT Sector Employment: Percentage of the city labour force working in the ICT sector. This indicator refers to the total workforce involved in the ICT sector as a proportion of the total business workforce. Infrastructure Access to electricity: Percentage of households with authorized access to electricity. Electricity and other modern energy services are an essential component of providing basic social services. Lack of access to modern energy services contributes to poverty and deprivation and limits economic development. Furthermore, adequate, affordable and reliable energy services are necessary to guarantee sustainable, economic and human development. Shared Vehicles: Number of shared vehicles per 100,000 inhabitants. Shared vehicles are defined as vehicles available for short term rentals (often by the hour) through a commercial business, public agency or with a cooperative.
- #23 Additionally, the U4SSC developed a set of international key performance indicators (KPIs) for Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) to establish the criteria to evaluate ICT´s contributions in making cities smarter and more sustainable, and to provide cities with the means for self-assessments in order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This set of KPIs was based on Recommendation ITU-T Y.4903/L.1603. The KPIs were updated with the input received from the 16 UN Agencies members of the U4SSC, cities participating in the Implementation of the KPIs for SSC project and city experts. The list of all the KPIs for SSC along with its collection methodology are contained in this flipbook on Collection Methodology for Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities. Additionally, over 50 cities worldwide are already implementing these KPIs.
- #25 As part of its work and commitment to shape smarter and more sustainable cities the U4SSC published in September 2017 three deliverables on: Connecting cities and communities with the Sustainable Development Goals, for which Domenica Carriero will explain it in more details shortly. Enhancing innovation and participation in smart sustainable cities, for which Okan Geray one of the U4SSC leaders will explain in more details in this session. Implementing Sustainable Development Goal 11 by connecting sustainability policies and urban-planning practices through ICTs. This publication provides a study of the advantages of using ICTs to support the implementation of the SDGs, namely SDG 11, by facilitating the missing linkages that exist between sustainability policies and urban-planning practices through digitally-enabled urban actions. The three publications are available for free on the U4SSC website as a form of a Flipbook. We invite you to visit the website and take a look on these publications.
- #26 UN-Habitat focuses on best practice for urban development, so we should refer our stakeholders to them for such information The World Bank has a Toolkit on Intelligent Transport Systems Rutger’s university has a longitudinal study evaluating municipal websites United for Smart Sustainable Cities (U4SSC) was launched by ITU and UNECE in response to SDG 11. Where possible, we should complement the work that is already in progress. The current areas of focus of U4SSC are: Blockchain 4 Cities City science application framework Guidelines on strategies for circular cities Guidelines on tools and mechanisms to finance SSC projects Guiding principles for artificial intelligence in cities The impact of Sensing technologies and IoT in Cities