1. U4SSC:
United for Smart Sustainable Cities
Initiatives
SOUMAYA BEN DHAOU
Research Coordinator | UNU-EGOV
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• Mission, Institutes
• UNU-EGOV, Research Program
UNU – United Nations University
• U4SSC inititiatives related to:
• IoT, AI, Blockchain
• Circular Cities
• Funding of SSC Projects
• Sensing technology
U4SSC - United for Smart Sustainable Cities
Agenda
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UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY
• To carry out policy-relevant
research
• To translate research findings
into relevant policy instruments
• To build capacity and maintain
research and policy networks
MISSION
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United for Smart Sustainable Cities
Supported by:Coordinated by:
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U4SSC Initiative
Launched by ITU, in response to the Sustainable Development Goal 11:
"Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable. “
U4SSC advocates for public policy to encourage a responsible use of ICTs
to facilitate and ease the transition to smart sustainable cities.
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U4SSC Initiative
Objectives
• Create frameworks for Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC).
• Provide practical guidance to decision makers.
• Foster discussion on ICT for SSC.
• Encourage cooperation and knowledge sharing
• Support implementation of key performance indicators (KPIs).
• Support the transition of the cities to smart cities.
• Provide policy recommendations.
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U4SSC : General Goals
• Guidelines,
• Policies
• Frameworks for the
integration of ICTs
into urban
operations,
• Streamline smart
sustainable cities
action plans
• establish best
practices with
feasible targets.
SDGs, international standards and urban key performance indicators (KPIs);
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U4SSC – Ongoing projects
Blockchain 4 Cities
City science application framework
Guidelines on strategies for circular cities
Guidelines on tools and mechanisms to finance SSC projects
Guiding principles for artificial intelligence in cities
The Impact of Frontier Technologies on Cities
The smart city Index (KPI, CPI SSCI)
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B4C – Blockchain for Cities and Communities
Objectives: Understand and assess the effective contribution of BC to develop SSC
Present the potential and transformative effect of blockchain on sustainable smart cities.
Identify, define and assess the benefits and risks of the use of blockchain.
•Create a framework for policy assessment and design
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Purpose of the deliverable
Guideline for supporting local regional and/or nationals decision makers
How blockchain technology can contribute to make Smart and
Sustainable cities?
• Exploring the application of blockchain in supporting development at
the city level raising the Generic Urban Problem Categories/
Communities level
• Identifying the Challenges and Benefits of B4C&C
• Developing a framework for assessing and designing blockchain to
support decision makers in rgards of blockchain
• Socio-technical perspective (Technology, Context, Resources and
capabilities, Ethics and regulations, sustainability, etc)
• Providing policy recommendations
• Guideline (or key considerations) for design and implementation
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City science application framework
Goal: Use of mathematical models to solve urban problems
Stakeholders: City Administrators
Timeframe: Nov. 2017- 2019
Results: Creation of a framework to guide city administrators
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Guidelines on strategies for circular cities
Goal: Creation of a framework with strategies for circular cities
Stakeholders: City Administrators, Policy Makers and Private Sector
Timeframe: Nov. 2017-2019
Results: Assessment of circularity potential of assets and resources
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Guidelines on tools and mechanisms to
finance SSC projects
Goal: Framework for project prioritization
Stakeholders: City stakeholders, private sector, investors, financial institutions
Timeframe: Nov. 2017 – Jul. 2019
Results: Enhance the capacity to implement appropriate projects
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The impact of Sensing technologies and IoT in
Cities
Goal: Evaluate the impact of sensing technologies and IoT in Cities
Stakeholders: City Managers
Timeframe: Jan. 2018 – Oct. 2019
Results: Support decisions about adoption and identify challenges
15. How can cities measure their progress to achieve
SDGs?
Is your city smart?
Is your city sustainable?
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KPI’s for SSC
Key performance indicators for SSC
The U4SSC developed a set of KPIs for SSC:
- to establish the criteria to evaluate ICT´s contributions in
making cities smarter and more sustainable, and
- to provide cities with the means for self-assessments in
order to achieve the sustainable development goals
(SDGs).
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Achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals
Becoming a smarter city
Becoming a more sustainable city
These indicators have
been developed to
provide cities with a
consistent and
standardized method to
collect data and measure
performance and
progress to:
Cities will be able to:
Compare their progress over
time
Compare their performance to
other cities
Through analysis and sharing
allow for the dissemination of
best practices
Set standards for progress in
meeting the SDGs
Objectives
Objectives of the KPI’s
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KPIs Principles
Comprehensiveness: The set of indicators should cover all the aspects of SSC.
Availability: The KPIs should be quantitative and the historic and current data
should be either available or easy to collect.
Simplicity: The concept of each indicator should be simple and easy to understand
for the urban stakeholders.
Timeliness: This refers to the ability to produce KPIs with respect to emerging
issues in SSC construction.
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54 Core Indicators + 37 advanced Indicators
20 Smart + 32 Structural + 39 Sustainable
132 Data Collection Points
3 Dimensions
Core indicators:
should be to be reported
on by all cities, provide a
basic outline of
smartness and
sustainability
Advanced indicators:
provide a more in depth
view of a city and
measure progress on
more advanced
initiatives
KPI’s Structure
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Economy
ICT Infrastructure
Water and
Sanitation
Drainage
Electricity Supply
Transport
Public Sector
Innovation
Employment
Waste
Buildings
Urban Planning
Environment
Air Quality
Water and Sanitation
Waste
Environmental
Quality
Public Space and
Nature
Energy
Society and
Culture
Education
Health
Culture
Housing
Social Inclusion
Safety
Food Security
Dimension
Category
ICT
Productivity
Infrastructure
Environment
Energy
Education, Health
and Culture
Safety, Housing and
Social Inclusion
Sub-
Dimension
KPIs Structure
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Economy
ICT
Productivity
Infrastructure
Smart Water Meters e-Government
Unemployment rates ICT sector employment
Access to electricity Shared vehicles
Environment
Environment
Society and
Culture
GHG emission
Adult literacy Child Care Availability
Recreational facilities
KPIs Examples
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The Case of
Dubai
The Case of
Singapore
Visit: http://www.itu.int/go/ITU-T-SSC
The Case of
Moscow
Case Studies on the Implementation of KPIs for SSC
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To support cities in the
implementation and use of the
SSC KPIs
To test and verify the
applicability of SSC-KPIs in
several cities of the world.
To develop a global Smart
Sustainable Cities (SSC)
Index.
Add your city!
Maldonado
Guangshan
Wuxi
Dubai
Manizales
Montevideo
and many others…
Singapore
Valencia
Pully
Foshan
Moscow
KPIs Project for Smart Sustainable Cities
to Reach SDGs
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Available for free on the U4SSC website:
http://itu.int/go/U4SSC
U4SSC Publications
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Next step: Global city index project
Confusion for cities between
• UN-Habitat City Prosperity Index (CPI)
• ITU-T Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities (KPI)
• Many other standards and indices competing for attention
Aims are to
• Build on experience gained so far by ITU-T, UNU and UN-Habitat
• Create a global city index
• Cover both smart and sustainable goals
• Flexible to meet needs of different cities
• Consistent indicators to allow comparison
• Develop capacity of cities to collect and use data
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Review of Smart Sustainable City measures
UNU is preparing a review of Smart Sustainable City standards and indices
Aim is to understand
• What standards and indexes are in use
• Their quality, application and usefulness
• To develop guidelines for city managers on what measures to use
Progress
• Over 50 indices identified
• Information collected for 18
• Conference paper submitted on preliminary results
• Final paper expected July/August
• Policy brief expected July/August
The “United for Smart Sustainable Cities” (U4SSC) is a UN initiative coordinated by ITU, UNECE and UN-Habitat, and supported by CBD, ECLAC, FAO, ITU, UNDP, UNECA, UNECE, UNESCO, UN Environment, UNEP-FI, UNFCCC, UNIDO.
Help streamline smart sustainable cities action plans and establish best practices with feasible targets that urban development stakeholders are encouraged to meet.
Currently, the U4SSC is working on the following deliverables:
Guidelines on tools and mechanisms to finance SSC projects
Guidelines on strategies for circular cities
City science application framework and
Blockchain 4 cities
The following deliverables were approved during the Third U4SSC meeting held on 26 April 2018 in Málaga, Spain:
Guiding principles for artificial intelligence in cities - New
The impact of Artificial Intelligence and cognitive computing in Cities - New
The impact of data processing and computation in cities - New
The impact of sensing technologies and IoT in cities - New
I would like to take the opportunity now to invite you to join the U4SSC, and also the different online discussions that are taking place during the year. I am sure that you have a lot to contribute to the development of these deliverables.
Why – What and How
Why do cities and communities need to BC
What type of Design of BC if needed
How to implement
assess the role of distributed ledger technologies for city development, it is important to also look at the risks and uncertainty associated with DLT (e.g. scalability problem, ethics etc).
Data collection
Consultation and participation from experts would be required to define the technical, financial, and public policies needed to design blockchain solutions for cities
Policy recommendations
Action plan
Activities:
-Apply a scientific approach / problem solving to real urban problems (going beyond obvious visualizations)
- Recast urban problems as mathematical modelling problems
- Apply the solutions to the problems
- Analyze results and assess urban solution
o Potential mathematical modelling tools to be used :
§ Deterministic modeling; Stochastic modeling
§ Operations Research - Optimization ; Simulation
§ Artificial Intelligence – Machine Learning
Activities:
o Promote the change from linear cities to circular cities
o Towards a framework for circular cities
o Identify assets and resources in a city (waste, energy, water, buildings)
o Assess their circularity potential (recycle, reuse, share, regenerate)
o Prioritize circularity impact by Ease of Implementation and Targeted Impact
o Guidelines for Strategies to Implement Circular Cities
More info: https://bit.ly/2Ux1DK5
Objectives:
• Connect city stakeholders (private sector, investors, donors, financial services institutions) to identify and develop smart sustainable city projects;
• Support cities to develop a framework for project prioritisation process and enhance capacities to implement the projects;
• Set-up innovative, blended investment and financing mechanisms to enable the flow of capital for the implementation of smart sustainable city projects.
More info: https://bit.ly/2FSGa65
Objectives:
Evaluate technologies for IoT in Cities
Support added-value services for city administration and citizens
Address the challenges regarding security, privacy, installation of IoT devices, wireless communication, growing volume of data and integration of solutions
More info: https://bit.ly/2FSGWA1
The principle of the KPIs are:
Comprehensiveness: The set of indicators should cover all the aspects of SSC.
Availability: The KPIs should be quantitative and the historic and current data should be either available or easy to collect.
Independence: The KPIs in the same dimension should be independent or almost-orthogonal i.e., overlap of the KPIs should be avoided as much as possible.
Simplicity: The concept of each indicator should be simple and easy to understand for the urban stakeholders.
Timeliness: This refers to the ability to produce KPIs with respect to emerging issues in SSC construction.
Each of these dimensions provides a separate view of progress and when reported together provide a holistic view of a smart sustainable city.
Within each dimension, there are sub dimension that focus on more specific areas of performance and progress. An example is the ICT Infrastructure sub-dimension which provides a more in-depth view of how ICTs are deployed and used within a city.
The indicators are further subdivided into core and advanced indicators. Core indicators are those that should be able to be reported on by all cities, provide a basic outline of smartness and sustainability and higher levels of performance can generally be achievable. Advanced indicators provide a more in depth view of a city and measure progress on more advanced initiatives; however, they may be beyond the current capabilities of some cities to report or implement.
Each of these dimensions provides a separate view of progress and when reported together provide a holistic view of a smart sustainable city.
Within each dimension, there are sub dimension that focus on more specific areas of performance and progress. An example is the ICT Infrastructure sub-dimension which provides a more in-depth view of how ICTs are deployed and used within a city.
ICT
Smart Water Meters: Percentage implementation of smart water meters. A smart water meter is an electronic device that provides real-time measurement of water consumption and transmits those measurements to water utility providers and customers. These measurements can be effective in some conservation programs (such as leak detection) and for providing information to customers on their consumption habits.
e-Government: Number of public services delivered through electronic means. E-government aims at improving the relationship between people and their government, through advanced electronic and mobile services. It aims at making public services delivery more effective, accessible and responsive to people’s needs. It also aims at increasing participation in decision-making and making public institutions more transparent and accountable.
Productivity
Unemployment Rate: Percentage of the total city labour force that is unemployed . Unemployment is a measure of economic health. Rising unemployment signals a weak economy with slow growth and low spending. Central banks often set national targets. For instance, the target of 5-7% unemployment rate in North America would be unacceptable in Japan where 3% is the norm; and would be unrealistically optimistic for Greece which has a 23% unemployment rate.
ICT Sector Employment: Percentage of the city labour force working in the ICT sector. This indicator refers to the total workforce involved in the ICT sector as a proportion of the total business workforce.
Infrastructure
Access to electricity: Percentage of households with authorized access to electricity. Electricity and other modern energy services are an essential component of providing basic social services. Lack of access to modern energy services contributes to poverty and deprivation and limits economic development.
Furthermore, adequate, affordable and reliable energy services are necessary to guarantee sustainable, economic and human development. Shared Vehicles: Number of shared vehicles per 100,000 inhabitants. Shared vehicles are defined as vehicles available for short term rentals (often by the hour) through a commercial business, public agency or with a cooperative.
Additionally, the U4SSC developed a set of international key performance indicators (KPIs) for Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) to establish the criteria to evaluate ICT´s contributions in making cities smarter and more sustainable, and to provide cities with the means for self-assessments in order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
This set of KPIs was based on Recommendation ITU-T Y.4903/L.1603. The KPIs were updated with the input received from the 16 UN Agencies members of the U4SSC, cities participating in the Implementation of the KPIs for SSC project and city experts. The list of all the KPIs for SSC along with its collection methodology are contained in this flipbook on Collection Methodology for Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities.
Additionally, over 50 cities worldwide are already implementing these KPIs.
As part of its work and commitment to shape smarter and more sustainable cities the U4SSC published in September 2017 three deliverables on:
Connecting cities and communities with the Sustainable Development Goals, for which Domenica Carriero will explain it in more details shortly.
Enhancing innovation and participation in smart sustainable cities, for which Okan Geray one of the U4SSC leaders will explain in more details in this session.
Implementing Sustainable Development Goal 11 by connecting sustainability policies and urban-planning practices through ICTs. This publication provides a study of the advantages of using ICTs to support the implementation of the SDGs, namely SDG 11, by facilitating the missing linkages that exist between sustainability policies and urban-planning practices through digitally-enabled urban actions.
The three publications are available for free on the U4SSC website as a form of a Flipbook. We invite you to visit the website and take a look on these publications.
UN-Habitat focuses on best practice for urban development, so we should refer our stakeholders to them for such information
The World Bank has a Toolkit on Intelligent Transport Systems
Rutger’s university has a longitudinal study evaluating municipal websites
United for Smart Sustainable Cities (U4SSC) was launched by ITU and UNECE in response to SDG 11. Where possible, we should complement the work that is already in progress. The current areas of focus of U4SSC are:
Blockchain 4 Cities
City science application framework
Guidelines on strategies for circular cities
Guidelines on tools and mechanisms to finance SSC projects
Guiding principles for artificial intelligence in cities
The impact of Sensing technologies and IoT in Cities
