Discussing the prevalence of mental health in Egypt, the biochemical causes of mental health, and recent trends in mental health diagnosis and treatment.
2. Psychiatric disorders
• Disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior
• More than 200 classified forms of mental disorder
https://www.psychiatry.org
3. Mental health problems prevalence
75%
25%
prevalence
healthy/other disorders mental heath problems
Survey done by the ministry of health in 2018
4. Biochemistry
• Manly due to neural connection damage
• Abnormally low or high concentrations of neurotransmitters at sites
in the brain are thought to change the synaptic activities of neurons
7. Bipolar disorder
(BP)
• Excess activity of dopamine in mania
state
• Blocking receptors in mania state
• Reduced activity of dopamine in depression
state
• Stimulate Dopamine synthesis and reduce
reuptake
10. Obstacles
• There are no reliable tests available to find out if you have a chemical
imbalance in your brain
• Not all neurotransmitters are produced in the brain.
• The living human brain is not readily accessible to direct investigation,
and the dead brain undergoes chemical change.
• it is difficult to know if imbalances are the cause or the result of the
illness.
Shih P. B. (2019). Metabolomics Biomarkers for Precision Psychiatry. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1161, 101–113.
14. Metabolomics
• Measure metabolic state determined by diet and environmental
factors and host factors (childhood experience and microbiome)
Metabolic
profile
quantifiable
biomarkersDynamic readout
15. Metabolomics analysis methods
Untargeted metabolomics
(global) analysis
• metabolites including those
with unknown functions or
that have not been seen
previously
• discovering novel disruptions
Targeted metabolomics
• focuses on a narrower, pre-
specified cluster of metabolites
• Combined with other studies to
further define mechanisms
underlying the phenotype
associations
Ragguett, R.-M., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Metabolomics in psychiatry. Personalized Psychiatry, 459–464.
16. Applications of metabolomics studies
Study groups
schizophrenia
Schizophrenia + other
mental disorders
control
Drug-naive
Shih P. B. (2019). Metabolomics Biomarkers for Precision Psychiatry. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1161, 101–113.
• Alterations in
glucoregulatory processes
• Treated with medications +
antipsychotic drugs
• Similar symptoms +
weight gain
• Identification of lipids
associated with weight
gain
Identify patients at risk for
future metabolic
disturbances
18. In the study of the role of gut microbiome
Increase
lactate
production
Modulation of
FA metabolic
pathway
Promote
Anxiety
behavior
Increase in
Serotonin
metabolites
Affect
neurotransimission
in CNS
Humer, E., Pieh, C. and Probst, T., 2020. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(13),
p.4784.
19. Conclusion
• The need for standard novel diagnostic tool
• The role of omics technology in understanding mental disorders
• Mental disorders are multifactorial
20. References
1. American Psychiatric Association
2. Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population
3. Humer, E., Pieh, C. and Probst, T., 2020. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders. International
Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(13), p.4784.
4. Kristiansen, L. V., Huerta, I., Beneyto, M., Meador-Woodruff, J.H., 2007. NMDA receptors and
schizophrenia. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol.
5. Hollander, E., De Caria, C., Liebowitz, M.R., 1989. Biological Aspects of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Psychiatr. Ann. 19, 80–87
6. Nemeroff, C.B., 2003. The role of GABA in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders.
Psychopharmacol. Bull.
7. Shih P. B. (2019). Metabolomics Biomarkers for Precision Psychiatry. Advances in experimental medicine
and biology, 1161, 101–113.
8. Ragguett, R.-M., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Metabolomics in psychiatry. Personalized Psychiatry, 459–464.
9. Humer, E., Pieh, C. and Probst, T., 2020. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders. International
Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(13), p.4784.
10. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
Editor's Notes
Abnormally low or high concentrations of neurotransmitters at sites in the brain are thought to change the synaptic activities of neurons, thus ultimately leading to the disturbances of mood, emotion, or thought found in various mental disorders.
5HT is 5 hydroxytryptamine receptors (serotonin receptors) g protein coupled receptors and ligand gated ion channels mediated excitatory and inhibitory neuro transmission
Sertonin transporters
