2. WHO WERE THE MUGHALS ?
The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers . From
their mothers side they were descendants of Genghis khan ( died 1227 )
. The mongol ruler who ruled over the parts of the china and the central Asia
. From their fathers side they were the sucessors of timur ( died 1404 ) , the
ruler of iran , and modern day turkey .
The first emperor of Mughal empire
babur the first Mughal emperor , he succeeded to the throne of ferghana
in 1949 when he was only 12 years old . He was forced to leave his acesrtal
throne due to the invasion of another mongol group . The uzbegs . After
years of wandering he seized Kabul in 1504 . In 1526 he defeated the
sultan of delhi , Ibrahim lodi at panipat and captured delhi and agra .
3. In this picture there is a weopon we usually call it as
fire arms . It have been used by babur to figth in the
war .
Image
Gun powder technology
was brought to india for
warfare in 14th century .
Fire arms were used for
the first time in regions
such as Gujarat , malwa
and deccan , and was
used by babur in early 16th
century .
4. THE MUGHALS
There are 6 Mughals emperors
who ruled the Mughal empire . We
have already learnt that babur was
the first emperor . He started ruling
in the age of 12 years means
exactly to our age . He ruled 4
years .
1526 he defeated the Ibrahim lodi
the delhi sultan and also afgan
supporters at panipat .
1527 he defeated rana sanga at
kanauj .
1528 defeated the rajputs at
chanderi . Established control over
agra and delhi before his death .
5. Humayun
Humayun divided his inheritance
according to the will of his father
His brother were each given
province .
His rule was from 1530 – 1540 ,
1555 – 1556 .
sher khan defeated Humayun at
Chausa (1539) and KanauJ (1540),
forcing him to flee to Iran. In iran
humayun received the help of safvid
shah . He recaptured delhi at that
time .
Total humayun ruled was 11 years .
6. THE GREAT AKBAR
Akbar was 13 years old when he
became emperor.
The akbar was ruled more years . 49
years he have been ruled as an
emperor for the Mughal empire
Akbar ruled period was from 1556 to
1605 .
His reign divided by 3 periods :
1 . 1556-1570
2 . 1570-1585
3 . 1585-1605
Akbar was started the military
campaigns .
7. JAHANGIR
military capaigns started by akbar and
it was continued by Jahangir and
others .
The Sisodiya ruler of Mewar, Amar
Singh, accepted the Mughal service .
Jahangir started his rule from 1605 to
1627 .
Jahangir ruled the Mughal empire as
emperor for 22 years .
8. SHAH JAHAN
Mughal campaigns continued in the
Deccan under Shah Jahan. The
Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi
rebelled and was defeated. Campaigns
were launched against Ahmadnagar .
His rule started from 1627 to 1658
as the emperor of Mughal empire .
He ruled 31 years .
9. AURANGAZEB
AURANGAZEB RULE STARTED
FROM 1658 – 1707
HE RULED 49 YEARS AS AKBAR
RULED .
IN HIS RULE THE MASABDARS
WERE BECAME MORE .
10. TO REMEMBER THE NAMES OF EMPERORS OF
MUGHAL EMPIRE ARE
BHAJSA – eagle
B – BABUR
H – HUMAYUN
A – AKBAR
J – JAHANGIR
S – SHAH JAHAN
A – AURANGAZEB
11. THE MUGHALS TRADITIONS OF
SUCESSION
The Mughals did not believe in the rule of primogeniture,
where the eldest son inherited his father’s estate. Instead
they followed the Mughal and Timurid custom of
coparcenary inheritance, or a division of the inheritance
amongst all the sons.
WHO WERE MASABDARS
Those who joined Mughal service were
enrolled as mansabdars.
The term mansabdar refers to an individual who
holds a mansab, meaning a position or rank.
12. It was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix
(1) rank,
(2) salary and (3) military responsibilities . Rank and
salary were determined by a numerical value called zat.
The higher the zat, the more prestigious was the noble’s
position in court and the larger his salary.
WHO WERE JAGIRDARS ?
Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue
assignments called jagirs which were somewhat like
iqtas. But unlike muqtis, most mansabdars did not
actually reside in or administer their jagirs. And known as
jagirdars .
13. ZABT AND ZAMINDARS
peasants paid taxes through the
rural elites, that is,
the headman or the local chieftain.
The Mughals
used one term – zamindars
Akbar’s revenue minister, Todar Mal, carried
out a careful survey of crop yields, prices and
areas cultivated for a 10-year period, 1570-
1580. On the basis of this data, tax was fixed
on each crop in cash. Each province was
divided into revenue circles with its own
schedule of revenue rates for individual
crops. This revenue system was known as
zabt.
14. Akbar Nama and Ain-i Akbari
Akbar ordered one of his close friends and
courtiers, Abul Fazl, to write a history of his
reign. Abul Fazl wrote a three-volume history
of Akbar’s reign, titled Akbar Nama. The first
volume dealt with Akbar’s ancestors and the
second volume recorded the events of
Akbar’s reign. The third volume is the Ain-i
Akbari. It deals with Akbar’s administration,
household, army, the revenues and the
geography of his empire.
15. The 2 main policies of akbar were :
1 . Religious policies
2 . Rajput policy
Example : before usually people should pay taxes
to visit holy places or temples . In akbars rule
their was not their any one can go to holy places
or temples without paying the taxes this shows
the akbar giving importance to religious .
18. MUGHAL EMPIRE DURING 17TH
CENTURY AND AFTER .
• some international travelers regarded the Mughal empire as the fabled land of wealth.
• During shah jahan rule documents revealed that the total 445 high ranking masabdars were there
out of 8000.
• These masabdars received total 16.5 percent estimated revenue of the empire as their salaries.
• A huge part of their income was spent and salaries and goods by Mughal emperors .
• By this expenditure , artisants and peasents were benifited as they provided goods to emperors .
• However they left with small amount of investment after the revenue collection .
• The poorest people earned money just to feed themselves .
• On the other hand wealthier group of peasentry and artisians earned huge profits .
• In the late 18th century these wealthier groups became more powerful after earning huge wealth
• As the authourity of the Mughal weakended , their servents became the center of the powers in the
regions .
• They formed new dynasties like Hyderabad and awadh .
• For a few years , they reconized Mughal emperor in delhi as their master .
Conclusion : But by the 18th century , the provinces of the empire combine their independent political
indentites .
19. QUESTIONS
1 . What were the 2 main policies of akbar ?
2 . Name all the emperors of Mughal empire
3. how was Mughal empire at 17th century and after ?
4 . Gun powder technology was brought to india for warfare in
_______ century .
5 . How did Mughal empire started ?
6 .
