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1. Mughal Emperor Akbar
Topic:
What were the contribution of the Mughal emperor Akbar to the creation of an Indian national Identity? What were the greatest obstacles to his
achievement in this?
The greatest of the Mughal's emperors, Akbar, attempted the creation of a
national identity for India by his numerous reforms, literal and cultural
development, and policies of integration and organization. His reforms
included a liberal policy toward the non–Muslims, religious innovations, the
land revenue system and the famous Mansabdari system. His policy of
religious toleration became the most significant aspect during his reign.
Akbar established a new religion, the Din–i–Ilahi. But Akbar's attempt to
create a national identity and a social...show more content...
Todar Mal with the assistance of
Muzaffar Khan Turbati implemented the policies of
(1)the introduction of the branding regulation, (2) the abolition of the feudal system by resuming fiefs, placing them under the administration of crown
officials, and paying both officers and men from the treasury, and (3) the preparation of the graded list of officials classed as amirs and mansabdars,
all, whether civil or military, holding military rank.

2. Keeping in mind that Akbar had abolished not only the poll tax and
pilgrims' tax, but also over fifty minor duties, his purpose was to levy a
fair rent on the land, which would support the administration without
unduly burdening the cultivators. Akbar allowed no oppression and many
campaigns were undertaken mainly for the purpose of punishing
governors who had been guilty of self–seeking and corruption. Akbar's
innovation was that the tax be assessed equally on every member of the
empire. Considering that every other state in the sixteen century rarely
taxed the nobility, this innovation was indeed a radical one.
Akbar's fame rests on his many attempts to blend and unite Muslim and
Hindu civilizations. He dreamed of a "new united civilization that would
be neither Islamic nor Hindu but Neo–Indian." He began to look into his
own faith and to "observe the external forms of Muslim Orthodoxy." He
built
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3. Excerpt Of The King Akbar
The first excerpt is written by ABU'L–FAЕ»L КїALLДЂMДЄ, historian, officer, chief secretary, and friend of the Mughal emperor Akbar I. Born on 6
Moḥarram 958/14 January 1551, he was the second son of Shaikh Mobārak, a teacher and scholar who had migrated to Agra in 950/1543 from
Nagaur, Rajasthan. Abu'l–FaЕјl served as Akbar's spokesman par excellence, shaping, enunciating, and commemorating the principles advocated by
the emperor. (EATON 1983) The genre of the first excerpt is basically in religious context and a historical significance of that event that took place.
The excerpt deals with the new religious innovations done at akbars time and history of his reign. This is also written for the sons of akbar showing
them the whole history of the empire, rules and regulations of the...show more content...
He also showed that his new way of bringing people together by assimilating different religious teachings also was not that successful. As badauni
was a historian so in his account he has put some biasness in it like how Akbar got jealous when sheikh was successful. His rivalry with al fazl was
also seen.
Both excerpts complement each other like the first one talks Christian missionary coming to akbars court and they to convey their message to akbar.
Akbar learned different things about whereas the second excerpt talks about the aftermath of that event like how sheikhs and faqirs were against the
idea of letting other religion to come to the court
The both narratives gives us a lot of information about Akbar's religious policies. The accounts conflict each other. The first excerpt tried to show
Akbar in a limelight of he was welcoming to other religions ansd how keen he was in learning other religious teachings. Akbar characteristic of
welcoming and kindness is portrayed by abu l fazl. Whereas in other excerpt it shows how Akbar had failed in bringing other religions together and
was not capable of
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4. Akbar Research Paper
Emperor Akbar The Great rolled most of south Asia in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century. He took power at the age of 14. Although he was
born and raised in a sunny Muslim family he received his education from two Suiia Persian schoolers on religious matters. After several militaries
conflicted that expanded Akbar's emperor far north as modern day Afghanistan and as far east Bengal, Akbar began to implement a new approach to
none Muslims ushering in an era of religious tolerance (Shorten the intro) Despite never learning how to read or write he was a curious thinker
especially in religious and cultural matters. Throughout his rule, Akbar invited philosopher from several different religion to carry out a dialog about
religious matter.He was convinced of the similarities in all religions that he tried to unite them under one religion....show more content...
Thus, a new approach of none Muslim was needed. In India, Akbar's secured the freedom of the Indians to the public prayer and allowed Hindus to
repair and build their temples Akbar's greatest achievement was liberating the Mangal State from its domination by the religious conservatives. In
challenging people to open their minds Akbar stated that no single religion has the power over the truth. Moreover, After concurring an enemy with a
deferent religion he does not try to convert them to Islam, but instead he accommodates their religious demands. For example when he defeated
Rajputana In conclusion, Akbar was a curious thinker in religious matters. His tolerance and fascination about other religions lead his empire to flurries
under different religions with freedom. Source:
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5. The Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire was one of the most famous and largest empire after the Persians history. They ruled for 300 years from 1526–1808. In this 300 years
they make this large empire under Muslims rulers. The Babur started to establish this empire, Babur fight with the Ibrahim lodhi and after first battle of
Panipatt Babur got throne from Ibrahim lodhi, this start the establishment of the Mughal empire. The Mughal empire continue within the family, Babur
position is taken by his succesor hamayun (1530–1556). Hamayun assist to establish empire but he died in the age of 47 and the whole empire under
his son Akbar (1556–1605), Akbar was fourteen years old when he got throne, after that the empire achieve the highest point of Mughal empire. Akbar
also known as the Akbar The Great. Akbar established large and strong empire for his successorJahangir (1605–1628), and Jahangir strengthen the
economy of his empire. The next successor Shah Jahan (1628–1658), gave efforts towards the art, and Auranggzeb accepted different policies from his
ancestors, control on more area and religious intolerance. The successors was not talented as their ancestors, so the start of decline the Mughal empire
after the death of Aurangzeb.1556–1707 mughal had a control over the new Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Afganistaan. Firstly, The Mughal build their
empire by using their own policies in social area and form good relation to other religion and strong army and trades of the local goods. Secondly,
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6. Akbar Essay
Akbar was one of the world's greatest conquerors and an even greater ruler in Indian history. He was born on October 15, 1942 and died October 27,
1605. In 1556, at the young age of 13, Akbar was forced to become ruler when his father, Humayun, died. He learned from mentors and began seizing
land. By the time of his death, his empire was almost all of northern India. He was the greatest of the Moguls, the Muslim dynasty that dominated India
between the early 15th and 18th centuries. Akbar had many contributions and had a major influence during his time. Akbar controlled a lot of territory
rather quickly and needed to create a system in order to govern it. He developed a bureaucracy, which was among the most efficient in the world. He
...show more content...
The Rajput kingdoms had never fully accepted Islamic rule, but that started to change when he eliminated some taxes. Akbar also included a large
number of Hindus in the official bureaucracy. By his death, almost one–third of the imperial bureaucracy was Hindu. He became on good terms with
the several kingdoms and guaranteed to keep it like that by marrying the daughters of the kings. By the end of this process he had over five thousand
wives. Most of the women he married were just for political reasons. His favorite wife, however, was a Hindu, and she gave birth to his successor,
Jahangir. His most successful accomplishment, however, was allowing Hindu territories to be almost fully independent. In all other Muslim kingdoms,
non–Muslims came under the same law, the Shari'a, as all Muslims. Akbar, however, allowed the Hindus to remain under their own law, called the
Dharmashastra, and to maintain their own courts. This style of government, in which territories were under the control of the Emperor but still largely
independent, became the model that the British would copy as they slowly begin to build their own government in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries. At the time of Akbar's rule, theMughal Empire included both Hindus and Muslims. Profound differences separate the Islamic and Hindu
faith. When Akbar began to rule, a majority of the subjects in the Mughal Empire were Hindus. However, the rulers of the
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7. Characteristics Of Akbar
Military Administration: Akbar paid much attention towards the organization, equipment and discipline of the army. For efficient military
administration he introduced a new system known as the Mansabdari System. The Mansabdars had to maintain soldiers according to his grade or
rank. There were thirty three grades of these Mansabdars who maintained soldiers ranging from 10 to 10,000. They were paid salaries in cash and
the system of assignments of lands was discouraged. They were directly under the charge of the emperor and were promoted, degrade or dismissed at
his will. He also revived the practice of taking the descriptive rolls of the soldiers and branding the horses.
A large number of troops were, no doubt, supplied by these Mansabdars...show more content...
According to him, "Upon the conduct of a monarch depends the efficiency of any course of action. His gratitude to God should be shown in just
government and due recognition of merit."
Concentration of all power in the King:
Akbar was the centre of all powers–civil, judicial, military and religious. He was the Supreme Commander of the army. He established a centralized
administration.
All appointments, promotions or dismissals depended on his decision and orders. Usually he ruled according to Shariat (Islamic Law).
Akbar's day started with his appearance at the Jharokha (balcony) of the palace. A large number of people assembled below the balcony, presented
their petitions to the emperor, besides having a fortunate glimpse of their emperor.
The petitions were promptly attended to on the spot or later in the open hall of public audience (Diwan–i–am). Special consultation with the ministers
and nobles were held at the hall of Special Audience (Di
He was like the Prime Minister and advised the king in all matters. He coordinated the work of all other ministers. After the reign of Aurangzeb, the
Prime Minister, then called 'Vakil' became very powerful. Likewise other Ministers became
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8. Why Is Akbar Powerful
Two rulers that exercise sovereignty and demonstrates the ability to rule a nation are Akbar the great and Louis XIV both of these rulers show their
ability to rule and maintain power as a sovereigns. Sovereignty is the relationship of a ruler and rules that did not require the rules to sacrifice
political power (Forging the modern world 122). Akbar the great was the ruler of Moghul Empire. Akbar is known to be one of the greatest leaders of
all time for Moghul emperors and that speaks a lot. Akbar ended tax on non–Muslims, modernized army, land reform and religious harmony through
tolerance; Akbar helped unite the diverse people of India ( Quizlet). His goal was to create a strong central government another goal was to encourage
international...show more content...
Each ruler had his own his steps and or technique's to maintain his power. Akbar used his skills with people and creating religion, and worship to his
power he also used his form of trade to help him and obviously it worked because he is one of the best Moghul leaders. As for Louis XIV to maintain
his power he used his connection with the government like the states, the connections he had outside of this nations and one of the main ones I would
say are his troops he used them to his advantage. Both Akbar and Louis made sure to look out for the wellbeing of their nation with getting feedback
from them to see what things should
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