cholesterol structure of cholesterol synthesis of cholesterol

1. SYNTHESIS OF
CHOLESTEROL

2. CONTENT
• Cholesterol
• Structure of Cholesterol
• Synthesis of Cholesterol

3. CHOLESTEROL
• Cholesterol,exclusively found in animals ,also called animal sterol.
• In Greek chole – bile , cholesterol was first isolated from bile
• Cholesterol literally means “SOLID ALCOHOL FROM BILE”.

4. STRUCTURE OF CHOLESTEROL
• Cholesterol has one hydroxyl group at C3 and a double bond
between C5 and C6.
• An 8 carbon aliphatic side chain is attached to C17.
• Cholesterol contains a total of 5 methyl groups .
• Due to the presence of an –OH group , cholesterol is weekly
amphiphilic in nature .

5. SYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL
• All animal cells manufacture cholesterol, for both membrane
structure and other uses ,with relative production rates varying by
cell type and organ function .
• About 80% of total daily cholesterol production occurs in the liver and
the intestines ;other sites of higher synthesis rates include adrenal
glands and reproductive organs .
SYNTHESIS with in the body starts with the MEVALONATE PATHWAY
where two molecules of acetyl coA condense to form acetoacetyl CoA.
This is followed by a second condensation between acetyl coA and
acetoacetyl coA to form 3-hydroxy3-methylglutryl coA (HMG coA).

7. • Mevalonate is finally converted to ISOPENTENYL PYROPHOSPHATE
(IPP)through two phosphorylation steps and one decarboxylation step
that requires ATP.
• Three molecules of Isopentenyl pyrophosphate condense to form
FARNESYL PYROPHOSPHATE through the action of GERANYL
transferase.
• Two molecules of farnesyl PYROPHOSPHATE then condense to form
SQUALENE by the action of squalaene synthesis in endoplasmic
reticulum .

9. • Oxide squalene cycles then cyclones squalene to form LANOSTEROL.
• Finally LANOSTEROL is converted to cholesterol through a 19 step
process .
• The final 19 steps to cholesterol contain NADPH and oxygen to help
oxide methyl groups for removal of carbons,mutates to move alone
groups and NADH to help reduce ketone.
• Mevalonate
• Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
• Squalene (30 carbons )
• LANOSTEROL ( 30 carbons )
• Cholesterol (27 carbons )

10. Thank you