Electronic+Spreadsheet+(Code-402).pdf

Electronic
Spreadsheet
(Elementary)
By - Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)

Table of
Content
Getting Started with Spreadsheets
Working with Data
Formatting and Sorting Data
Chart and Graphs
Adding Graphics in Calc and Printing Worksheets

Getting Started
with
Spreadsheets

Introduction
of Electronic
Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet application is tool which is used to perform all
kinds of calculations(simple and complex) easily and
accurately.
A spreadsheet is a grid which interactively manages and
organises data in rows and columns. It is also called as
Electronic Spreadsheet.
A spreadsheet software can also store, manipulate and
create graphical representations of data.
Spreadsheet packages also provide built-in formulae and
functions for common mathematical, financial, statistical,
and logical operations in a very sophisticated manner.

LibreOffice Calc
LibreOffice Calc is the spreadsheet application of LibreOffice suite. We can enter data
(usually numerical) in a spreadsheet and then manipulate this data to produce
certain results.
LibreOffice Calc is used to perform the following activities accurately and efficiently.
• Tabulation of data
• Simple mathematical calculations
• Complex calculations using formula and functions
• Arranging data in ascending and descending order (sorting)
• Filtering the required data
• Check the validity of data
• Protection of data using passwords
• Saving for future use

Parts of LibreOffice Calc
• Title bar:
• Menu bar:
• Toolbars:
• Worksheet:
• Rows and columns:
• Cell and cell address:

Toolbars
Calc has several types of toolbars.
Four toolbars are located under the Menu bar by default:
• the Standard toolbar,
• the Find toolbar,
• the Formatting toolbar, and
• the Formula Bar.
• Let us talk about Formula bar-

Formula Bar
• It allows entering and editing the formula in the cell.
• Formula bar consists of the following:-

Formula bar
consists of the
following:-
Name box: shows the cell reference, for example A1.
Functions wizard: search the function from the list of
available functions.
Sum: used to total the numbers in the cells above the
selected cell. The sum is placed in the selected cell.
Function: clicking on the Function icon inserts an equals
(=) sign into the selected cell and the Input line allow
formula to be entered.
Input line: displays the contents of the selected cell
(data, formula, or function) and allows editing the cell
contents. To edit inside the Input line area, click in the
area, then type the changes. To edit within the current
cell, just double-click in the cell.

Worksheet or Sheet
Calc works with elements called spreadsheets.
Spreadsheets consist of a number of individual sheets or worksheets,
each sheet containing cells arranged in rows and columns.

Rows and columns:
• The sheet is divided into vertical
columns and horizontal rows.
• Each sheet can have a maximum
of 1,048,576 (220) rows and 1024
(210) columns.
• The rows are numbered as
1,2,3,4,… and columns are
numbered as A, B, C, D, …., Z,
AA, AB, AC, …., AZ, BA to BZ,
CA,…., AMJ.

Cell and Cell Address:
• The intersection of a row and column is called a cell.
• It is the basic element of a spreadsheet.
• It holds data, such as text, numbers, formulas and so
on.
• A cell address is denoted by its column (letter) and
row number.
• For example, D4, E9, Z89 are the valid example of cell
address.

What is Active cell?
• In a spreadsheet, cell is the place
where we enter the data.
• The selected or activated cell is
called as active cell. It is always
highlighted, with a thick border. The
address of the active cell is displayed
in the name box.

Range of cells
• A block of adjacent cells in a worksheet
which is highlighted or selected is called a
range of cells.

Entering data
The data to be entered can be the-
• Label (By default the labels are left aligned)
• Values (By default values are right aligned)
• Formula- Any expressions that begins with an equals ‘=’ is treated as formula. In the
expression, the ‘=’ followed by values, cell address and functions are called as
formula. When a formula is entered in a cell in a worksheet the value of the equation
is displayed in the cell and the formula is shown in the formula bar.

Simple calculations using values or cell addresses and
operators
• Spreadsheet Software has the most powerful features to calculate numerical data
using formula.
• LibreOffice Calc uses standard operators for formula, such as a plus(+), minus(-),
multiplication (*), a division (/) for arithmetic operation.
• Formula is an expression that can include cell address, numbers, arithmetic
operators and parenthesis.
• Note:- Formula starts with ‘=’ sign and nothing should be written on the left side of
the equal sign (‘=’).
• For eg.- =A1+A2+A3

Use of functions to do calculations
• When there is a large quantity of data it becomes difficult and complex task to write formula using only the cell
addresses. In such situations, LibreOffice Calc provides built in functions.
• Function is a pre-designed formula to perform both complex and simple calculation.
Function save time and eliminate the chance to write wrong formula.
• In the function we need to include only the cell range (starting and last cell address).
• Commonly used basic functions in Calc are-
• SUM(), AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), COUNT()

Formatting the worksheet
The cell data can be formatted using formatting toolbar or cell formatting window.
It is also possible to format the cell using Format cells dialog box. The Format cells dialog box can be opened
using—
• Format → cells using the Format menu,
or
• From context menu opened through right clicking the cell,
or
• By pressing the shortcut key Ctrl+1.

The mentioned
dialog box will
appear-

Formatting
alignment of a
cell range
The labels and values can be aligned to the left, center or right of a cell
range by using the alignment icons (Left, Right, Center) on the standard
toolbar.
• Select the range of cells
• Open the ‘format cells dialog’ box
• Click the ‘Alignment’ tab
• Select left, right or center
• Click ‘OK’
OR
• By using the shortcut keys like-
• For Left Alignment – Ctrl+L
• For Right Alignment – Ctrl+R
• For Center Alignment – Ctrl+E
Note:- By default, label is left aligned and number is right aligned.

Referencing
Referencing is the way to refer the formula or function
from one cell to the next cell along the row or column.
There are three types of referencing.
Relative referencing
Mixed referencing
Absolute referencing

Relative
Referencing:
When you drag any formula in any
row or column in any direction, the
formula gets copied in the new cell
with the relative reference.
For eg.- A4
Note:- Almost all spreadsheet
applications use relative
referencing by default.

Absolute
referencing:
In Absolute referencing, a $ symbol is used
before the column name as well as row
number to make it constant in any formula.
For eg.- $C$12, $D$5, etc.
In this case, even if you drag your formula in
any direction, the cell name remains
constant.

Mixed
referencing:
In Mixed Referencing, the $ sign is
used before row number or
column name to make it constant.
i.e. mixed referencing in which
one cell address name is variable
and one cell address is constant.
For eg.- A$14 or $A14

Create and insert
different types of charts
in a spreadsheet

What is Chart in Spreadsheet?
A chart is a graphical representation of
data. Charts allow users to see what
the results of data to better
understand and predict current and
future data.

Types of charts
There are a wide variety of charts available to display data.
Bar chart
Column chart
Gantt chart
Area chart
Bubble chart
Pie chart
XY (Scatter) chart

Importance of chart in spreadsheet
Charts allow spreadsheet administrators to create visualizations of
data sets. This can aid understanding of a data set, as well as
communication of it.
Benefits of charts and graphs also come into play in presentations,
where they can be used to quickly illustrate trends in data for
others to see.

Creating a chart
• To create a chart, first highlight (select) the data
to be included in the chart.
• Next, open the Chart Wizard dialog using one of
two methods.
Choose Insert > Chart from the menu bar.
Or,
Click the Chart icon on the main toolbar.
• Either method inserts a sample chart on the
worksheet, opens the Formatting toolbar, and
opens the Chart Wizard.
• Click on Finish button.

Electronic+Spreadsheet+(Code-402).pdf

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