The document discusses infection prevention strategies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), highlighting the inherent risks faced by neonates such as low birth weight and prematurity. It emphasizes the importance of hand hygiene, proper staffing, environmental cleanliness, and strategic design to reduce the rate of infections. Key measures include limiting antibiotic use, adhering to aseptic techniques, and promoting breast milk feeding for enhanced immunity.

1. PREVENTIN OF
INFECTIONS
IN NICU
MR.SACHIN T.GADADE
M.SC (N) PEDS.

3. Why Neonates ?
 Low birth weight
 Prematurity,
 Congenital malformations,
 Prolonged hospital stay,
 Frequent invasive procedures,
 TPN
 Incomplete immunity.

4.  Delayed enteral feeding.
 Formula feeding.
 Inadequate nursing staff/Over crowding
 Lapses in hand washing.

5. Common sources

6. Common Infections
Central line associated Blood stream
infection (CLABSI)
Pneumonia
Neonatal sepsis
 Device-Associated Infections

7. What happens
Longer hospital stay
Higher treatment costs
Neuro developmental impairment

10. Location
 Away from overcrowded places
 As close as the labor rooms and obstetric
operation theater .

11. HAND HYGIENE

13. VISITORS
Respiratory Infections
Gowning
Hand wash

14. PROCEDURE

15. SKIN CARE

17. ISOLATION PROCEDURE
 Contact isolation for infected neonates .
 Placed in a separate room and
gown,mask,cap and gloves to be used.
 Gown and gloves to be removed before the
exit.

18. STAFFING

19. INFECTION CONTROL
 As per the hospital policy.
 Changing of tubes .
 Cleaning of floor 3 times in a day.
 Separate articles for neonates.

20. ANTIBIOTICS
 Limited use of antibiotics.
 Culture and sensitivity.
 More use cause resistance.

21. Catheter related practices
 Aseptic technique for insertion & Care
 Date & Time of insertion, Dressing ,removal should be
entered in a standardized form.
 Use semipermiable /transparent dressing to cover the
site.
 Cleaning of injection port with 70% alcohol.
 Promptly remove any cath which is no longer essential.

22. Gowning
Routine use does not help in
decreasing nosocomial infection
rate.
Should be used in specific
condition in which the risk
of contamination is high.
When the infant is being held.

23. Fumigation
 No additional benefit, if excellent house
keeping and asepsis .
 Mostly done routinely.
 During endemic
 Low occupancy

24. General Housekeeping
 Cleaning should be followed in Patient areas
,accessory areas then adjacent areas .
 Dry dusting to be avoided.
 Sink to be cleaned with detergent at least
once in a day.
 Cabinet, counters should be cleaned at least
once

25. Waste Management
 Segregation of waste
 Washing of Dustbins Daily
 Emptying the dustbin
 Blood spills should be removed
immediately.

26. VAP

27.  Oral Care
 NIV
 Slight elevation of head
 Sterile suctioning
 Changing of tube as per the policies

28. Detecting Environmental reservoirs
Cultures of Environmental specimens
Tap water
sink drains
Liquid medications
respiratory therapy equipments
Hand soaps& Hand creams
Water bath used to warm formula

29. Dry & Moist environmental surface
were swabbed with a cotton swab.
Hand swabs from health care
workers.
It should be processed within 1
hour

30. Breast Milk
 Prevents respiratory infections.
 Infections causes diarrhea
 Breast milk contains micronutrients which
helps in prevention of infections.
 Lactoferin contains antimicrobial immune
building effects.

31. Summary
 Each unit has a baseline rate of infection
due to inherent modifiable risk factors.
 Effective strategy focus on modifiable risk
factors.
 Strategic nursery design: space ,sinks, soaps
etc.
 Adequate staffing

32.  Hand hygiene compliance
 Minimization of catheter days
 Sterile preparation of all fluids to be
administered.
 Promote enteral feeding especially with
EBM/BF
 Monitoring /surveillance of nosocomial
infection.
 Education and frequent feed back from staff

33. THERE FUTURE IS IN OUR
HANDS

34. THANK YOU