EYE EAR NOSE THROAT DISEASES

1. SUDESHNA BANERJEE DUTTA
LECTURER
S.R.S.V.M B.SC NURSING COLLEGE

2. Inflammation of the pharynx

3.  Environmental exposure to viral agents - adenovirus,
influenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus
& measles
 Bacterial infection – 10% of adults with pharyngitis have
group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) infection
 Other bacterias - Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae type B
 Poorly ventilated rooms

4.  Malaise
 Dysphagia
 Dry cough, sneezing, runny nose
 Fever & headache
 Loss of appetite
 Redness and swelling in the tonsillar pillars, uvula,
and soft palate.
 A creamy exudate may be present in the tonsillar
pillars
 Lymph node enlargement

5.  History collection
 Physical examination
 Blood investigation
 Throat swab culture

6.  Antibiotics – Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily , 5-7 days
 Once-daily Azithromycin may be given for only 3 days
 A 5-days or 10-days course of Cephalosporin may be
prescribed.
 5-days administration of Cefuroxime has also been
successful in producing bacteriologic cures.
 Anti inflammatory -Ibuprofen
 Pottasium permanganate gargles

7.  Soft, bland and warm diet
 Warm liquids, and flavored frozen desserts such as
Popsicles are often soothing. Occasionally, the
throat is so sore that liquids cannot be taken in
adequate amounts by mouth.
 In severe situations, intravenous (IV) fluids may be
needed.
 Otherwise, the patient is encouraged to drink as
much fluid as possible (at least 2 to 3 L per day).

9.  Inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner
ear

10.  Viral or bacterial infections
 Cholesteatoma (an abnormal, noncancerous skin
growth that can develop in the middle section of ear,
behind the eardrum. It may be a birth defect, but it's
most commonly caused by repeated middle ear
infections)
 Drug toxicity
 Head injury
 Tumor

12.  Vestibular manifestations (vertigo)
 Cochlear manifestations (hearing loss)
 Nausea and vomiting

13.  Two types of labyrinthitis associated with
bacterial infections:
 Toxic Labyrinthitis
 Suppurative Labyrinthitis

14.  Results from an inflammation of the inner ear
following an acute or chronic otitis media or early
bacteria meningitis.
 Toxins penetrate the cochlear aqueduct and cause
an inflammatory reaction in the perilymph space.
 Toxic Labyrinthitis produces mild high frequency
hearing loss or mild vestibular dysfunction
 Treatment: Antibiotics for precipitating otitis,
possible myringotomy.

16.  Suppurative Labyrinthitis: direct invasion of the
inner ear by bacteria.
 From otitis or meningitis

17.  History:
– severe vertigo from any movement of the head.
– Nausea and vomiting
– U/L or B/L hearing loss
– Recent URTI
– Loss of balance and falling in the direction of the
affected ear

18.  Physical findings:
– Spontaneous nystagmus (a vision condition in which
the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements)
– Jerking movements of eyes toward unaffected ear
– Purulent discharge
 Lab: – Culture and sensitivity test
 Audiometry
 Electronystagmography (a diagnostic test to record
involuntary movements of the eye)

19.  Meclizine to relieve vertigo
 Antiemetics
 Antibiotics
 Oral fluids
 IV fluids for severe dehydration

20.  Surgical excision of cholesteatoma
 Incision and drainage
 Labyrinthectomy

21.  Meningitis
 Permanent balance disability
 Permanent hearing loss