Hydroelectric energy or hydropower or hydroelectricity, is a form of energy that harnesses the power of flowing water to generate electricity.

1. Palsbu hydropower station.
Group 8 :-
Syed Ausaf.
Labeeb Qashu.
Qazi Muqiet.

2. •Hydroelectric energy or hydropower or hydroelectricity, is a form of energy that harnesses
the power of flowing water to generate electricity.
•Hydropower plants harness water's energy and use simple mechanics to convert that energy
into electricity.
•Hydropower plants work by converting kinetic energy of water flowing through a dam into
electric energy.
•The water flows through the dam into a turbine which turns a metal shaft in the generator
and thus produces electricity.
INTRO.

3. The basic components of a hydropower plant are :-
Dam:- - Most hydropower plants rely on a dam that holds back water, creating a large reservoir.
Often, this reservoir is used as a recreational lake.
Turbine:- The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a
generator above it by way of a shaft. A turbine can weigh as much as 172 tons and turn at a
rate of 90 revolutions per minute (rpm).
Intake: - Gates on the dam open and gravity pulls the water through a pipeline or penstock that
leads to the turbine. Water builds up pressure as it flows through this pipe.
COMPONENTS.
Shaft
Turbine.

4. Generators :- As the turbine blades turn, so do a series of magnets inside the generator. Giant
magnets rotate past copper coils, producing alternating current (AC) by moving electrons.
Transformer :- The transformer inside the powerhouse takes the AC and converts it to higher-
voltage current.
Power lines :- Out of every power plant come four wires:- the three phases of power being
produced simultaneously plus a neutral or ground common to all three.
Outflow :- Used water is carried through pipelines, called tailraces, and re-enters the river
downstream

5. 1. Renewable:- Hydropower is completely renewable, which means it will never run out unless
the water stops flowing. As a result, hydro plants are built to last. In some cases, equipment
that was built to last 25 years is still operational after double the amount of time has passed.
2. Emission Free:- The creation of hydroelectricity does not release emissions into the
atmosphere. This is the biggest appeal of any renewable energy source.
3. Reliable:- Hydropower is, by far, the most reliable renewable energy available in the world.
Unlike when the sun goes down or when the wind dies down, water usually has a constant and
steady flow.
4. Adjustable:- Since hydropower is so reliable, hydro plants can actually adjust the flow of
water. This allows the plant to produce more energy when it is required or reduce the energy
output when it is not needed.
5. Creates lakes i.e reservoirs:- Lakes can be used for recreational purposes and can even help
draw in tourists and expand the local economy.
ADVANTAGES .

6. 1. Impact on Fish:- To create a hydro plant, a running water source must be dammed. This
prevents fish from reaching their breeding ground, which in turn affects any animal that relies
on those fish for food.As the water stops flowing, riverside habitats begin to disappear. This can
even remove animals from accessing water.
2. Limited Plant Locations:- While hydropower is renewable, there are limited places in the
world that are suitable for plant construction. On top of this, some of these places are not close
to major cities that could fully benefit from the energy.
3. Higher initial Costs:- While no power plant is easy to build, hydro plants do require you to
build a dam to stop running water. As a result, they cost more.
4. Susceptible to Droughts :- While Hydropower is the most reliable renewable energy
available, it is dependent on the amount of water in any given location. Thus, the performance
of a hydro plant could be significantly affected by a drought. And as climate change continues
to heat up or planet, this could become more common.
5. Flood risk:- When dams are built at higher elevations, they pose a serious risk to any town
nearby that is below it. While these dams are very strong, there are still risks. The biggest dam
failure in history is the Banqiao Dam failure. Due to excess rainfall from a typhoon, the dam
collapsed. This resulted in the deaths of 171,000 people.
DISADVANTAGES .

7. • Location:- Buskerud County, Norway.
• Architects:- Manthey Kula Architects.
• Structural Engineering:- Norconsult.
• Area:- 330 m².
• Year:- 2007.
• Palsbu power plant is located directly under Palsbufjorden dam on Palsbufjorden lake.
The installed capacity is 6 MW and Annual mean production is approximately 22 GWh.
PALSBU POWER PLANT.

8. • The power plant uses a height of fall of between 5 and 10 metres from the surface of the
water in the lake and down to the turbine in the power station to generate electricity.
The uppermost part is a series of reservoirs funnelling down to the power station.
Entrance
SECTION
PLAN

9. • The generator chamber has a diameter of 15 meters and a height of 12 meters. The generator
chamber consists of 15 load bearing precast concrete panels stacked around the turbine and
generator. This 52 ton equipment was lifted in place by a crane supported by an in situ
concrete framework. The protruding structure of the crane is covered in concrete.

10. •There are no gutters and stainless steel covers are welded to the concrete panels to prevent
water from entering the precast holes that serve as screens in front of windows and ventilation
openings. The roof is made of prefabricated steel trusses.
• The circular layout and the shape of the concrete panels show the direction of rotation of
water in the generator.
• Rain and water from melting snow runs down the walls which will enhance the growth of
lichens on the concrete surfaces and will transform the building to make it part of the terrain
surrounding it.

11. Thanks.