1. A Review of Study on Graphene and its Composite
Project Progress Presentation
Presented by
Shivcharan kumar
216ID1338
Department of Industrial Design
Submitted to
Dr. Md Rajik Khan
Department of Industrial Design
3. Literature Review
Title Author Methodology
Das Adsorptionsverhalten sehr
dünner Kohlenstoff‐Folien
H. P. Boehm et al. (1962) Graphene was originally observed
in electron microscopes and it is a
combination of "graphite" and the
suffix -ene, observed single-layer
carbon foils in 1962.
Electric Field Effect in Atomically
Thin Carbon Films
Andre Geim and Konstantin
Novoselov (2004)
Graphene was rediscovered by
using stick tape. For that he
got Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010.
Polyurethane-Graphene Laminar
Composite as transparent Armour
Michael Floccare el al. (2015) He uses Graphene oxide (GO), for
making composite of Polyurethane-
Graphene.
Atomic crystals resistive switching
memory
Chunsen Liu el al. (2017) The sheet resistance of graphene
produced by a roll-to-roll method.
4. Introduction
• Graphene is a miracle material of this era it has unique properties like thermal, mechanical, electrical and
optical. It is also known as 2D material because it’s a single layer of carbon atom are arrange in hexagonal
manner.
• It made up of only carbon atom we know that carbon-carbon bond is too strong so that this material is called
strongest material ever. Because of single layer of graphite sheet it has Nano thickness so that it called lightest
weight material.
• It is knowing as 2D single atom thick layer which is connected with carbon-carbon atom together with single
bonded sp2 bonds which are separated with 0.142 nm, since it is made up of single layer of only pure carbon
atom so that it is strongest as well as thinnest material ever tested.
• It has more electrical and thermal conductivity than silver, not only Graphene is strongest it is too much
flexible and 98% transparent of light. [1,3]
• It is thermodynamically unstable at size less than equal to 20 nm, and it is less stable structure at 6000 carbon
atom and most stable structure at 24000 carbon atom.
• Because of the exceptional mechanical properties of Graphene have going to employed in composite
materials with remarkable capability of progress. Its composite like Polyurethane-Graphene composite,
Kevlar- Graphene composite etc.
• Polyurethane is a one kind of polymer it composes of organic unit linked by urethane link.
• These composite are made by using very strong chemical bond between Graphene and other material. People
have start testing this material in bullet proof vest. In future technology it has been replace in body armor.
6. Properties
Properties of Graphene
1. Graphene is only allotrope of carbon which each and every atom are available for chemical reaction because
of its 2D structure. Tensile strength and young modulus of Graphene are respectively 130.5 GPa and 1 TPa,
squire shape Graphene has 31 Ω. [1]
2. Graphene is 200 times stronger than steel as well it’s too flexible. It behaves like a barrier because even
helium atom can’t pass through it. Its melting point is 4125K. It capacity to self-repair its holes.[1,2]
3. It has very high surface area 2630 m2 per gram of Graphene. Graphene is strongest it is too much flexible
and 98% transparent of light.[1,3]
Properties of Graphene-composite
1. Graphene-Polyurethane composite is transparent protective material. It’s impacts strength increased by
10%. Its reduces 30% kinetic energy.
2. Kevlar-Graphene composite is 5 times stronger than steel. It has grater tensile strength than compressive
strength.
7. Method of production
Graphene
1. At starting Andre and Nonoselov used adhesive tape to separate Graphene sheets from Graphite. [1]
2. Bombarding with pure carbon atom. [1]
3. Exfoliation method and it can be separated from Graphite. [1,3]
4. Conductive Graphene film can produce by burning of a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) coated with Graphite
oxide. [1]
5. It has to be produce by sugar, from this method we can control thickness of Graphene. [1]
6. It also produced by silicon carbide (SiC) by heating 1100°C at very low pressure 10−6 torr. [1]
Fig.3: Exfoliation mechanism of graphite into Graphene sheets with
supercritical CO2 fluid. [7]
8. Properties of Graphene-composite
a) Polyurethane-Graphene
Uses layer by layer manufacturing process. Which shown in fig below
b)Kevlar-Graphene
The sheet resistance of graphene produced by a roll-to-roll method.
Fig.4: Produce by fabrication [6]
Fig.5: Process to attach Kevlar to Graphene sheet [9]
9. Application
Graphene
1. Graphene is transparent, flexible and very high conductor of electricity so it is to be use as flexible display,
solar-cells, light emitting diode, touch panels etc.
2. Graphene supercapacitors is to be use as energy storage device like electronics batteries. Graphene based
batteries charges fast and it is environmental friendly.
3. Graphene is 200 times stronger than steel and lightest material so it is to be use as body armor or bullet
proof vest. [1,2]
4. it is use to be as water filter and cigarette filter.
Properties of Graphene-composite
a)Graphene-Polyurethane
1. Bullet proof armor. Bullet proof windows.
2. It is transparent so it can be use as vehicles windows.
b)Kevlar-Graphene
1. To use as a bullet proof vest. To use as a protective clouding.
2. To make high performance composite for aircraft. It is use in automobile industries also.
11. Simulation of Polyurethane-Graphene Composite
The ballistic test of 2D axisymmetric body in ANSYS. In this simulation 1-inch Polyurethane is attached four
Graphene sheets are equally spaced throughout the composite. In this simulation energy reduce from 469.74 J to
386.49 J (83.25 J) but energy reduces by 1-inch Polyurethane is 62.88 J. So we can say that 32% extra energy
reduce by composite. [6]
Fig.7: 2D axisymmetric simulation of stress field. [6]
Fig.11: Comparison curve of kinetic energy of bullet I
impact on 1-inch Polyurethane and composite [6]
12. Conclusion
After studding about Graphene and its composite I realize that it will be very common material in such field like
electronic (solar cell, battery, flexible display), Mechanical (we know that it is 200 times stronger steel so it will
be use as bullet proof armor), Mechatronics (water filter) etc. Graphene based composite absorb extra 32%
energy than without Graphene.
13. Reference
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene.
[2] Dheeraj Singh, Ravi Katukam, A simulation study on Graphene composite for aerospace, international journal of advances in
science, engineering and technology, ISSN: 2321 –9009.
[3] Ryan Rice, Graphene and the applications in bulletproofing and body armor, conference session c5 paper #40.
[4] Karen S. Martirosyan, M. Zyskin, Simulation of the Elastic Properties of Reinforced Kevlar-Graphene Composites,
arXiv:1208.0060v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall] 1 Aug 2012.
[5] Jinhong Du, Hui-Ming Cheng, The Fabrication, Properties, and Uses of Graphene/Polymer Composites, Macromol. Chem. Phys.
2012, 213, 1060−1077.
[6] Mike Floccare, Casey Forman, Ian Hochuli, Kenny Lopez, DoRonne Shyu, and Dan Urban, Polyurethane‐Graphene Laminar
Composite as Transparent Armour.
[7] Jorge Miguel Grossinho Araújo, Finite Element Modelling of the Mechanical Behaviour of Graphene Nanocomposites, in
Aerospace Engineering, December 2016.
[8] Meenakshi Verma, Pawan Verma, S. K. Dhawanb and Veena Choudhary, Tailored Graphene based Polyurethane composites for
efficient electrostatic dissipation and electromagnetic interference shielding applications, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 97349.
[9] Chunsen Liu, David Wei Zhang, and Peng Zhou, Atomic crystals resistive switching memory, 14.139.208.84 on 06/04/2018 at
22:24.
[10] https://www.haikudeck.com/how-bulletproof-clothing-is-made-education-presentation-34PdWVSDFw.
[11] https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/02/14/graphen_busted_or_just_too_early/.
