Part 2

1. Beachwells
Largest Beachwell Seawater
Catchment Facilities in the World,
Catchment Facilities in the World,
• 32 Vertical beachwells split into 3 clusters,
• 5 hectars of Karstic costal land dedicated
to beachwells,
t b h ll
• 220,000 cubic meters per day of nominal
pumping capacity,
• 80 meters depth wells individually,
• Very low Silt Density Index of the raw
water.

2. Pressure Filters
Pressure Filters
High Speed Filtration Units for Seawater Pre‐treatment
• 5 Dual Media pressure Filters
Filters,
• 9 Single Media Filters,
• 11 Cartridge Filters for pre‐treated water polishing.
g p p g

3. Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis
8 Reverse Osmosis first pass trains
• 8 individual trains on first pass equipped
with 7300 reverse osmosis membranes,
• 8 individual high efficiency work exchangers
for energy recovery
recovery,
• 8 high voltage high pressure pumps for
permeate production
4 Reverse Osmosis second pass
trains for Boron removal
• Double stage trains for water recovery
improvement,
• 4 i di id l t i
individual trains equipped with 2800
i d ith
reverse osmosis selective membranes for
Boron removal

4. 3D Plant View
3D Plant View

5. Sydney SWRO
250,000 m3/D (66 MGD)
2007 –2010
US$0.8 Billion (plant/intake/outfall
US$0 8 Billion (plant/intake/outfall
only)
Design & Construct

6. Sydney
Client: Sydney Water Corporation (SWC)
Type of Contract: Design, Build & Operate
Product Flow: 66 MGD (250 ML/Day)
Product Quality: <115 ppm TDS, 0.4 ppm Boron
Product Quality: <115 ppm TDS 0 4 ppm Boron
• Provides 15% of the total water to Sydney
• Three (3) permits required
( )p q

7. Kurnell Residents
Towra Point
( Ramsar Wetland)
Caltex Refinery
Caltex Refinery
Approx 300m
Inlet Risers
Inlet Riser
Serenity Cove
Film Studios Botany Bay
National Park
Approx Site
Tunnels
Boundary (Approx
alignment)
Desalination Plant
Construction Site
Outlet
Risers
Riser

8. Sydney Process Flow
Sydney Process Flow

10. Sydney

11. Pretreatment
Operation at 33% 66% with all filters online –
33%-66%
• > low filtration rate (<4m/h)
• SDI<3, filtration cycles > 55 hours
SDI 3,
• No acid dosing => better Boron rejection on the 1st pass and less
NaOH dosing
Operating at 100%
• Filtration rate 6.7 m/h
• Filtration cycle >40 hours
• SDI < 3 at all times
• F i sulfate dose-rate 7-9 mg/L
Ferric lf t d t 79 /L
• Influent turbidity 2 NTU, up to 10 NTU during shock chlorination

12. Fujairah 2 SWRO/MED
j /
Hybrid Plant ‐ SWRO 136,000 m3/D (36 MGD) – MED
455,000 m3/D (120 MGD) – combined 156 MGD
2007 2010
2007 –2010
US$860 Million (SWRO & MED)
Design & Construct

13. F2 Location
F2 Location

14. Project Specifics
Project Specifics

15. Process

16. 3D View SWRO
3D View SWRO

17. Site Conditions
Site Conditions
17

19. Kindasa
Kindasa, 25,500 m3/Day (6.7 MGD) SWRO – Media Filtration followed by UF

20. Kindasa : Plant Overview
Kindasa : Plant Overview
Brine to Outfall
Self cleaning Strainers
g N
pment
1st pass RO
Acid storage and
s
pre treatment
pre treatment
st Pass HP Pumps
e dosing equip
chemical dosing
& Boosters
Lime
1s
Raw Seawater in
Pre treatment
Chemical dosing Seawater Intake
Post treatment
Post treatment Backwash
2nd pass RO
O
Chemical dosing Backwash Tank Raw Seawater
Pumps
Filtered Seawater
Ultra‐filtered Seawater
Substation
MV & LV Switchgear Permeate
Admin & Control Building Variable Speed drives Brine
Product to Storage Tank MV/LV Transformers
HV/MV Transformers
150m

21. Ashkelon – 326,000 m3/Day (86 MGD) SWRO

23. Considerations
Pre‐treatment options
Evolving technologies
Short term
Medium term
Long term
Costingg
Siting

24. Pre‐treatment Options

25. Desal Plants, Evolving Technologies
Desal Plants, Evolving Technologies
Short term
•E i i
Existing technologies, minor improvements
h l i i i
• Brine management, i.e. ZDD
Medium term
M di t
• Nano‐membranes (up to 15% reduction in energy), huge impact
on the over 100,000 SWRO membranes we have installed
,
worldwide
Long term
• Forward osmosis
• Alternate membranes
• Bi‐products from brine

26. Financial Considerations, Capex
Financial Considerations, Capex
Identifying obstacles to cost‐effective operations
Large scale vs. smaller scale plants
L l ll l l
Location
• Cost of land
• Proximity to existing potable water distribution network
• P i it t l t i l
Proximity to electrical power network
t k
Public Outreach
Plant Availability
Intake & Pre‐treatment Selection
• Subsurface vs. open intake
• Quality of water with incidence on number of process steps
Environmental & Permitting Concerns associated with above

27. Financial Considerations, Opex
Financial Considerations, Opex
Up to 50% of the Opex costs can be in energy consumption
Energy Consumption
• Minimize the process train, eliminate
pumps
• Use latest proven energy recovery
devices
• Plan for future developments (i.e.
membranes, etc)
b )
• Length and head losses of distribution
network
Chemical Consumption
Chemical Consumption
• Reduce the amount of chemicals
needed by minimizing the pre‐
treatment process
• Minimize the amount of waste created
Others
• Consider life cycle costs when designing
y g g
and constructing the plant

28. Citing Selection & Challenges
Citing Selection & Challenges
Subsurface intake
• Reduces power consumption by 5‐10%
• Reduces chemical consumption by 5‐10%
•R d
Reduces the overall footprint of the plant by 10‐20%
th ll f t i t f th l t b 10 20%
• Reduces impingement & entrainment issues
Existing Potable water network
Existing Potable water network
• Reduces overall cost
• Permitting and land issues
Permitting and land issues
Existing Power network
• Reduces overall cost
Reduces overall cost

29. Conclusion
No single pre‐treatment for all applications
N i l t t tf ll li ti
Incorporate lessons learnt
Adapt to local environment & culture
Ad t t l l i t & lt
THANK YOU