Presentation on memory

1. What is memory ????????

2. • The power of the mind to retain and reproduce experiences is
called memory
• Memory increase our efficiency in applying knowledge when
required by enabling us to remember important facts,ideas,
names ,etc as well as other items of information.
• Without memory an individual cannot recall things accurately and this
results in inefficiency

3. According to Woodworth , four main
elements involved in memory are
• Learning
• Retention
• Recall
• Recognition

4. LEARNING
• Learning is the primary condition for
memory
• It is the acquisition of new
experience
• Learning experience should be
interesting so that they could create
mental images that could be revived
when needed

5. RETENTION
• Retention is the process of preserving
the material learnt.
• Nature of the learning material,
amount of learning done,method of
learning ,speed of learning,mental
set,attention,interest,appreciation,
intention ,etc.are some of the
factorswhich influence retention

6. RECALL
• Recall means revival of memorised
things.
• There are two types of recall
1 ) Spontaneous recall
2 )Deliberate recall
Appropriate mental set,right
motives,healthy physique ,right
emotion,absence of inhibition,perfection of
clues,etc.are factors helpful for easy
recalling

7. RECOGNITION
• Recognition is the awareness of the
experience by which we identify the
material retained and recalled
• There are two types of recognition
1) Indefinite recognition
2)Definite recognition

8. TYPES OF MEMORY
Memory can becategorised into five kinds
1) Immediate memory and permanent memory
2) Rote memory and logical memory
3) Personal memory and impersonal memory
4) Active memory and passive memory
5) Habit memory and true memory

9. IMMEDIATE MEMORY AND PERMANENT MEMORY
If the individual has to reproduce what he has learnt immediately
after learning it, then he is employing his immediate memory
Eg:- We identify a telephone number and remember it for the
purpose of immediate dialling.But after making the call we might
forget it
If an interval of time elapses between learning and reproducing,
permanent memory is involved
Eg:-remembering the names of our close friends and relatives

10. ROTE MEMORY AND LOGICAL MEMORY
• Rote memory is the ability for mechanically repeating an
experience even without understanding
• Logical thinking depends upon understanding

11. Personal memory and impersonal
memory
In personal memory ,we remember our past
experiences
In impersonal memory facts are remembered
without any reference to oneself

12. Active memory and passive memory
In active memory ,we make deliberate efforts to recall some experience
already learnt, when it is required
Eg:-In answering a question in the examination hall we are required to
make use of this type of memory
In passive memory ,the past experiences come to our consciousness
without making any effort on our part
Eg:- when somebody comes from our native village,the mere sight of
him is enough to remind us about our fields,neighbours and so many
other related things

13. Habit memory and true memory
Habit memory is dependent upon mere motor mechanism.
The contents of a lesson which has been learned by heart by
repetition and hence can be recalled almost mechanically is an
example of habit memory
True memory depends on independent recollections
It depends upon association and motivated study and
therefore it is preferred to by educators

14. Thank you
Presentation by
Fabeena kmp