harvard refrencing styel

1. guides.library.ulster.ac.uk
LIBRARY GUIDE
Referencing in the
Harvard Style

2. Why is referencing important?
Referencing is an essential part of writing at university and may account for a portion of your
marks. Consistent and accurate referencing:
• means readers can identify and find the material you have used in your work
• helps you avoid accusations of plagiarism (copying others’ work)
• demonstrates that you have carried out the necessary research.
Your lecturer will tell you which referencing style to use.
How do I reference a ...
Book
Usunier, J. and Lee, J.A. (2013) Marketing across cultures. 6th ed. Harlow: Pearson.
Chapter/contribution in an edited book
Downes, D. (2000) Crime and deviance. In: Taylor, S., ed. Sociology: issues and debates.
Basingstoke: Palgrave, 231-252.
Journal article
Lawson, C.L. and Katz, J. (2004) Restorative justice: an alternative approach to juvenile
crime. Journal of Socio-Economics, 33 (2), 175-188.
Newspaper article
Timmons, N. (201
1) Pay divide between top executives and public widens. Financial Times,
16 May, 3.
Web page with an author
Thompson, S. (2015) The low pay, no-pay cycle. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Available from: www.jrf.org.uk/report/low-pay-no-pay-cycle [Accessed 8 June 2017].
Web page with an organisation as author
Campaign (2016) Amnesty International used the power of marketing to change the law.
Twickenham: Campaign. Available from: www.campaignlive. co.uk/article/amnesty-
international-used-power-making-change-law/141879 [Accessed 17 January 2017].

3. How do I ...
Reference e-books and electronic journal articles?
• Reference any e-books from the library as if they were print.
• If the journal article is available as a pdf document, you can reference it as if it was
print – even if you got it from an online database.
• If a newspaper reference contains the page number it can be referenced as print, even if
you read it online.
Cite within my written work?
• If the author’s name occurs naturally in the sentence, then the year of the work is in
brackets.
e.g. According to Cottrell (2008)….
• If the author’s name does not appear naturally, the author’s surname and the year are in
brackets.
e.g. Recent research (Lee, 2010) indicates….
Insert quotations?
• If a quotation is less than a line, include it in the body of the text in double quotation
marks.
e.g. According to Bruce (201
1, p.3) marketing involves “selling people things they do not
need.”
• If a quotation is longer than a line it should be indented, single spaced and appear in
double quotation marks.
e.g. According to Bruce (201
1, p.3)
“Over the last fifty years the approach, practice and techniques of marketing
have transformed the commercial world and its provision of goods.”
Cite a source quoted in another source (secondary referencing)?
• Cite both sources in the text.
e.g. A study by Allen (2001 cited by Parker, 2009)
Only cite the source you have read, i.e. Parker, in your reference list.
Order my references at the end?
• References should be in alphabetical order by author’s surname (family name) or by
organisational name if relevant.
Examples in this Guide are based on Ulster University Guides to Citation in the Harvard Style.
For more examples see guides.library.ulster.ac.uk/harvardref

4. @UlsterUniLib
Last updated August 2019