This is a guide aimed at helping high school as well as University students understand what referencing is and how explains the process of referencing using two referencing styles namely Harvard referencing and APA 7th edition they.

1. AN
INTRODUCTION
TO REFERENCING

2. IINTRODUCTION TO REFERENCING
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3. WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
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4. What is a bibliography and why is it important ?
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5. WHAT IS REFECNCING
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TIPS FOR REFENCING

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITTING

8. EXAMPLES OF BAD REFERENCE LIST
.
Lets troubleshoot: What is Wrong with the
two bibliographies or refence lists?
1. They do not make sense
2. Its really a bunch of words that don’t mean
nothing
3. The websites URL’s need to accompany
other details as well.
4. The authors of all the articles and books
listed have not really been given any credit
as their names are not included.

9. EXAMPLE OF A GOOD REREFENCE LIST
References list
o E Rooth, A Seshoka.Focus on Life Orientation
Grade 10 2nd edition. Page 12-37
o J Bothma, The principle of Democracy in a open
society. Available at:
www.democracyinanaopensociety.co.za
o T Matthews. History of south Africa. Available at:
https://www.gcis.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/reso
urcecentre/pocketguide/PocketGuide-history.pd
o V Cassano. Is democracy what we really need. 5th
edition. Page 8-12
What makes this reference list correct and different from the previous
one
• The names of the authors of the textbooks as well as the articles are
added
• One book can have over ten editions and in this bibliography the edition
numbers are added
• Pages used are listed as well, One needs to be specific about which
part of the book they actually used as a reference.
• The authors name and title of the article are attached to each URL link
added
• All the websites addresses are underlined and of a different colour
which shows that it was correctly typed. ( You have to click the link first
to make sure that it takes you to the right site.
(To avoid typing the linking wrong, always copy it from the browser and
paste it straight to document or list of references. Copy every part of the
link no matter how weird the characters of the link look.)

10. INTRODUCTION TO HARVARD REFERENCING
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11. HAVRARD REFERENCING STYLE
Citing a book
• Surname, Initials. (Year of publication).
Title of book, Edition, Place of
publication: publisher, pages used
• Example: Cameron, S.(2021) The
business students handbook: skills for
study and employment. 7th edition.
Harlow:Pearson
Citing a website/ web article
• Author surname, initial. (Year) Page Title.
Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
• The date on which the article was accessed on
is included just in case the information on the
article is change as people may edit what they
upload on their websites.
• example Annabelle, L. (2017). Ethics Defined.
Available at: https://medium.com/the-ethical-
world/ethics-defined-33a1a6cc3064 [Accessed
7 April 2022

12. HAVARD REFENCING CONTINUED
Journal
Surname, initials. (Year of publication of
the article). Article title Journal name (in
italics).Volume of journal.(Issue)number of
journal.Page range of article. (DOI number
if available)
Example: Smith, AS. (2020) ‘Genetically
modified organisms f’, Journal of Biologicl
sciences, 93(5). doi:10.18637/jss.v093.i05
In-text referencing
An intext refence is added when you quote directly from
your source or when showing that the idea or the fact you
wrote about was stated by a particular person
All in text references have to be accompanied by a full
entry in your reference list. An intext refence will be placed
at the end of your sentence and should contain the authors
surname and the year of publication (Levrai, 2018)
Example:Dialogue in the classroom can help to
eliminate misconceptions, as when they are brought up
by the learners the teacher will be able to quickly clarify
and rectify them (Meen, 2018).

13. L E T U S D O S O M E H AVA R D R E F E R E N C I N G : B O O K
This is how the it will be;
• Strachan, T. and Read, A.
(2011). Human molecular genetics .
4th ed. New York: Garland Science,
pp.67-80
• In Text: (Strachan, 2011)

14. APA REFERENCING STYLE
Book
Author(s) of book – Surname and initials.
(Year). Title of book – in italics. Publisher. (
Web address - if available)
Example: Matthews, C., & Bling,
Z. (2019). the importance of brushing your
teeth. Pearson
Web Article
Authors surname and initials.(Year), Title
of article (in italics).Website name.URL.
Pitjana, BM. (2007), What we need is
strong leadership not democracy. Available
at: www.pitjanaspeaks.co.za

15. APA CONTINUED
Journal
Author surname and initials.(Year
of publication of the article) .Article
title.Journal title (in italics).Volume of journal
(in italics).(Issue number of journal) .
Pages used in the article The DOI number or
URL
Example: Khumalo, C. (2022). Is coffee
lethal?. Functionalitoes of the human
body, 26(8), 21-35.
https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2022.e1162
In-text
• Same as in Harvard refencing

16. YOUR TURN:
Write the APA 7th edition citation for the following textbook

17. WEBSITE/ ONLINE ARTICLE
This is how it should be :
• Cole, N. (2019). Definition of
Cultural Relativism in Sociology.
ThoughtCo. Available at:
https://www.thoughtco.com/cultural-
relativism-definition-3026122
[Accessed 7 April 2022].
• In text: (Cole, 2019).

18. REFERENCES
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https://www.slideshare.net/KristopherMeen/citation-and-referencing-intro?from_search=6
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https://www.slideshare.net/happychappy89/all-about-academic-referencing-why-when-how-to-
reference?from_search=5
 https://www.slideshare.net/PeterLevrai/apa-referencing-
style-101346561?from_search=0
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https://www.slideshare.net/peterodion2000/plagiarism-reference-management-in-scholarly-
writing?from_search=1

19. THE END.
THANK YOU