3. Often the intentions some ones act
Are misunderstood and perceptual bias may develop.
Perceptual biases are Systematic errors
in perceiving others.
Perceptual bias can be quite damaging
between individuals in the society.
To a large extent Perceptions are the root cause of conflict.
4. It means you are biased against or for
something based on your sensory inputs
(sight, touch, smell, taste, or hearing).
Perceptual bias is the lens we automatically
filter all of our experiences through.
It makes some things seem more noteworthy
than others. It guides our reactions and
thoughts about what we experience, see, or
feel.
5.
6. 1- Fundamental Attribution Error
Is the tendency for people to place an undue emphasis on internal characteristics
of the agent, rather than external factors, in explaining another person's
behaviour in a given situation. This contrasts with interpreting one's own
behaviour, where situational factors are more easily recognized and can be taken
into account.
7. 2- Culture
Bias
People in individualist cultures, generally Anglo-American and Anglo-Saxon
European societies, value individuals, personal goals, and independence.
People in collectivist cultures see individuals as members of groups such as
families, tribes, work units, and nations, and tend to value conformity and
interdependence. This cultural trait is common in Asia, traditional Native American
societies, and Africa.
8. People tend to attribute other people's
behaviours to their dispositional factors while
attributing own actions to situational factors. In
the same situation, people's attribution can differ
depending on their role as actor or observer
3- Actor - Observer
Difference
9. 4- Dispositional Attributions
Dispositional attribution is a tendency to
attribute people's behaviours to their
dispositions; that is, to their personality,
character and ability.
10. 5- Self Serving Bias
A self-serving bias is any cognitive
or perceptual process that is
distorted by the need to maintain
and enhance self-esteem, or the
tendency to perceive oneself in an
overly favourable manner.
11. 6- Defensive Attribution
Hypothesis
The defensive attribution hypothesis is a
social psychological term from the attribution
approach referring to a set of beliefs used as a
shield against the fear that one will be the victim
cause of a serious mishap.
12. Belief bias is the tendency to judge the
strength of arguments based on the
possibility of their conclusion rather than
how strongly they support that conclusion.
In other words, if people agree with a
viewpoint, they are inclined to believe that
the process used to obtain the results
must also be correct.
7- Belief Bias
13. Hindsight bias, also known as the
knew-it-all-along effect or creeping
determinism, is the inclination, after
an event has occurred, to see the
event as having been predictable,
despite there having been little or no
objective basis for predicting it.
8- Hindsight Bias
14. Selective perception is the tendency not to
notice and more quickly forget stimuli that cause
emotional discomfort and contradict our prior
beliefs.
9- Selective Perception
15.
16. Wake Up!
In order for you to be able to challenge
your bias, you need to be aware of them.
This is often a process of reversed
engineering, where you look at a
statement you hold to be “true” and
work your way backwards through the
sometimes vast rootwork of
assumptions, interpretations and
cognitive bias.
17. Always FACT-CHECK your Assumptions
When we THINK we are basing our assumptions and interpretation on
“fact”, when in reality we are basing them on assumptions?
That is were we get ourselves entangled and confused. Trusting faulty
logic is how bad choices are made, and misunderstanding between
people arise.
18. Do not overlook the external
cases of others’ behavior
Identify your Stereotypes
Evaluate people based on
objective factors
Avoid making rash decisions
Overcoming Biases
19. Once lived a king in ancient times
Who could only see with one eye
Born too with a defect in his leg
But all challenges he had defied
He called upon artists one day
To portray him in splendour grand
Paint him with beauty and valour
The finest in the land
All artists faltered - nervous
"Could this be really done?
One eye, and oh that leg
deformity..."
All faltered except for one.
That artist caught the king in a
frame
As if hunting, with one eye closed
Bent on one knee, targeting
A picture perfect pose
How wonderful would it be
too
Thoughtful and well meant
To go beyond ones
weaknesses
And highlight their many
strengths.
A MATTER OF PERSPECTIVE
a poem by Nishu Mathur
