The dissertation on parametrism examines several case studies, how they were created, and how this parametrics is progressing in the future.

1. A DISSERTATION
ON
PARAMETRISM
Submitted by:
RISHABH JAIN
1/16/FPA/B.ARCH/005
Under the guidance of:
Prof. DINESH BHARDWAJ, FAD
In partial fulfilment for the award of degree of:
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE (B.ARCH)
Faculty of Architecture & Design
Manav Rachna International Institute Of Research Studies,Faridabad
2020

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CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the research paper entitled
“PARAMETRISM” as a prerequisite for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture and
submitted in the Manav Rachna University, is an authentic record of my own work carried out during
a period of July 2020 to October 2020.
The matter presented in this research paper has not been submitted by me for the
award of any other degree of this or any other Institute.
Rishabh Jain
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best
of my knowledge.
Date: Prof. Dinesh Bhardwaj
Research Guide
The Dissertation Viva-Voce Examination of NAME , has been held
on…………………
Research Coordinator External Examiner

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to give thanks to those who helped me going through
conducting research and the writing of this dissertation.
First, thank you to Prof.Dinesh Bhardwaj, for his guidance, patience, and support throughout this
research. His passion and encouragement have often inspired me to succeed in my life.
I would also like to thank my senior his efforts and contributions to this work: Ar. Vishal Saxena In
addition, I would also like to thank my friends, colleagues, the department faculty and staff for
helping up in completing this dissertation on parametrism.
RISHABH JAIN

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certificate
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
List of Figures
CHAPTER 1 : Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aim and Objective
1.3 Purpose of Research
1.4 Methodology
CHAPTER-2 : More About Parametrism
2.1 History and present
2.2 Difference Between Direct Modeling And Parametric Design Tool And Why It’s Better
2.3 Software’s
2.4 Frei Otto soap bubble experiment
CHAPTER- 3 : Case Studies
3.1 Phoenix International Media Center
3.2 Yas Hotel
3.3 Punjab Kesari Headquarters
3.4 Regal Shoes
CHAPTER - 4 : Conclusion
Advantages and Disadvantages
Conclusion
Bibliography

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List of Figures
Figures 1: Parametrism
Figures 2: Software Used
Figures 3: Parameters
Figures 4:Elements
Figures5: History
Figures 6: Difference In Cad And Parametric Tool
Figures 7: Grasshopper
Figures 8: Dynamo
Figures 9: Frie Otto Experiment
Figures 10: Phoenix International Centre
Figures 11: Sections
Figures 12: Details
Figures 13: Yas Hotel
Figures 14: Exterior
Figures 15: Grid Shell Structure
Figures 16: Headquarters At Delhi
Figures 17: Sections And Views
Figures 18: REGAL SHOES
Figures 19: Details
Figures 20: Views
Figures 21: Details

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Chapter 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
What Is Parametrism?
"Parametrism" was coined by the Patrik Schumancher in 2008, partner of Zaha Hadid Architects.
As the word says para- means parameters and metrics-means measurement or pure mathematics.
So in simple terms parametrism can be described as formation of parameters in the process of design
which can be manipulated to form different new ideas in designing.
It 's all about turning ideas into action through parametrics. Before it was used for tackling problems in
architectural construction rather than an efficient conceptual method for form generation and testing
design alternatives.
Parametrism has opened an endless option to design the boring façade into something interesting and
also it has made possible to achieve long span structures using space frame technology. Now a
designer has the opportunity to design long spans i.e column free spaces for better functioning and
movement.
Also through parametrics we can achieve an energy efficient building performance which enhances the
facade of building as well as provide a better solution for climatic response in the nature.
There is a difference in designing a building using parametrism and to execute a building design using
parametrism. Designing a building using parametrism involves parameters, i.e if these parameters
change the result change.
At ease it is relationship between the parameters which are variables.
Today parametric design has become a new architecture style in its own world. Zaha hadid, Norman
Foster , Frank O Ghrery, OMA ,UN studio are some of the leading firms taking new design ideas using
parametrics.
Example: Let’s take a normal table
it has 7 parameters which can be changed from 1 to
10, which makes 107 new design solution

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Software's used in modeling
Traditional CAD for desigining even a rectangle has no relation between its entities.
In parametrics we use high performance software's like grasshopper,python which are high priority
,also for beging softwares like revit,rhinosoras can we used.
These software's function in 2d as well as in 3 dimensional and provide BIM (building information
moduling) information even for sun path and how other factors like cost, material, etc are going effect
on our design.
Talking about revit(being a revit user) external plugin like dynamo is used to achieve parametric
desiging.
What Are These Parameters And Elements?
Parametric design is a new approach to architectural design based on the concept of parameters. It
refers to the use of parameters in creation of form in the design process.
These parameters ,these values create relationship between different elements of the design(elements
here mean floor slab, wall, floor finishes, etc or if i take a brick its sides are the elements).
So for example, a rule might be created to ensure that walls must start at floor level and reach the
underside of the ceiling. Then if the floor to ceiling height is changed, the walls will automatically adjust
to suit. The same algorithm might be used throughout a model so that if a particular element or rule is
changed, it changes throughout the model. In effect the model is a representation of all the rules that
the user has defined.

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1.2 Aim & Objective
Aim
The main aim of research is to study how building can be designed to have most efficient climatic
responsive using parametric design approach and study facade treatment to enhance its aesthetics
value as free flowing façade
Objective
 To improve knowledge in parametrics facade and structure design
 To understand to use these parameters to increase the performance of the building
 To understand how interior spaces behave with the facade treatment
 Know about future in parametrism and what field it can be used in
1.3 Purpose of Research
The research on the topic is done to understand how the building designed by Zaha Hadid, BIG
architects, UN studio, etc. Are actually developed, constructed and made in real life.
Also how using these parameters we can develop number of different alternatives for design and the
boring facade can be treated into a pleasant aesthetics blended into the environment
1.4 Methodology :
 Understanding Parametrism
 Know In What Field It Can Be Used
 Conducting Case Studies
 Learn How Just An Idea Can Be Taken Into Action
 Learning To Use Parameters Through Software's
 Design A Parametric Facade/Structure/Furniture

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Chapter 2
2.1 History
At first parametrism was just a theory in early 1990’s ,as per he written data and all the study Frei Otto
(1925 - 2015) is believed to be the pioneer in parametrism. He was a German Architect and famous for
use of ligh weight structures.
"Frei used physical processes as simulations and design engines to 'find' form rather than to draw
conventional or invented forms. He used to imagine every detail and use the tools like sun path,wind
direction to enchance the form process. The power and beauty of this approach was striking."concluded
by Patrik Schumancher
Also parametrism is not that style which ends with time, it keeps involving better and more precice into
the modern world it is a global shift from the Modernist era of Fordism (mass production) to the
Post-Fordist era (mass customization).
Proto parametricism (1952–1992)(origin)
origin with Frei Paul Otto who designed ligth weight strcuture which is now evolved and names as
parametrism. Earlier through innovtive design and radical experiment the young architects stabilized the
discipline around prolonged research programmes thriving on emerging digital technologies, and
culminating in the emergence of Parametricism.
Early parametricism (1993–2008)
Earlier projects was focused on the construction and execution process. Earlier vector based aniamtion
softwares were also used as design tool.
One of the earliest built examples, the Water Pavilion (1993-1997) was the first building to combine
continuous geometry with the utilisation of sensors throughout the interior, creating an interactive
environment (also known as responsive architecture) where light and sound could be transformed by
visitors.
Among the most celebrated and stylistically defining of the early built projects is the Phaeno Science
Center in Wolfsburg, Germany, designed by Zaha Hadid Architects starting in 2000.
A later example is the 22-story concrete shell tower 0-14 in Dubai, UAE (2007), designed by Reiser +
Umemoto. The structural shell creates a unique lace-like facade is modulated for variable light and
views. The building's load-bearing concrete shell eliminates the need for internal columns and
load-bearing walls.
Morphosis Architects' Giant Interactive Group Corporate Headquarters, designed in 2005-2006 and
constructed in 2009-2010, is described by the architects as "emerging organically from complexity".The
campus is designed as a village that accommodates a diverse array of functions within a continuous
folding plane that undulates in and out of the ground plane, creating a new artificial landscape.

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Parametricism 1.0 (2009–2014)
Coop Himmelb(l)au's Dalian International Conference Center in Dalian, Liaoning, China, was completed
in 2012. The dynamically fluid, modulated vector field articulated on the exterior enclosure correlates the
level and direction of natural light penetration to the organizational spatial distribution of the interior
spaces.
The Louis Vuitton Foundation was designed by Gehry Partners between 2006-2014. It is considered "a
catalyst internationally for innovation in digital design and construction, setting a new standard for the
use of advanced digital and fabrication technologies
The largest of these projects is Dongdaemun Design Plaza, designed by Zaha Hadid Architects with
Samoo, a major urban development landmark in Seoul, South Korea. The most innovative
state-of-the-art fabrication techniques were used in shaping the "45,000 aluminium panels of varying
sizes and curvatures".
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport Terminal 2 in Mumbai, India, designed terminal by Skidmore
Owings and Merrill and completed in 2014, serves over 40 million people yearly. The is designed to
accommodate traditional Indian departure and arrival ceremonies, and the complex veriagated patterns
incorporated in the architecture at all scales are reminiscent of native regional patterns.
Parametricism 2.0 (2015–present)
In a 2014 Schumacher introduced "Parametricism 2.0", the "upgraded" and now fully matured
"Parametricism with parameters that matter". Schumacher emphasized that after two decades of
cumulative build-up of knowledge and experience, Parametricism is now fully prepared to "go
mainstream", fulfilling the full gamut of the societal tasks of architecture in the "organization and
articulation" of the built environment, including tectonic articulation and environmental adaptation.
Examples of projects that fit the Parametricism 2.0 paradigm and are currently in the design phase
include Google's California Headquarters by Bjarke Ingels (BIG) and Thomas Heatherwick (Heatherwick
Studio), Beijing New Airport Terminal Building in Beijing China by Zaha Hadid Architects - which will be
the world's biggest airport terminal, Harbin Cultural Center in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China by MAD
Studio, and Earthly Pond Service Center International Horticultural Exposition by HHD-FUN.

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2.2 Difference Between Parametric Modeling And Direct Modeling
A parametric model contains information like dimensions, constraints, and relationships between
various entities like edges, sketches and features. You can easily make changes to the design,
and it updates and responds to those changes.
A non-parametric model does not contain such relationships. It is essentially a "dumb model"
which often happens when a CAD model is imported from another program.
Dumb models can be modified, but they do not have the additional constraints and relationships
to allow the update to affect other design elements
Parametric design starts with a sketch (left) and adds features (such as revolve, middle) to build up the final design (right).
Direct Modeling
As its name indicates, direct modeling offers designers a what-you-see-is-what-you-get approach to
building and editing their models.
In direct modeling, designers can push and pull on their model to change it. One benefit of this
capability is the ease with which designs can be altered, enabling rapid iteration and prototyping.
“There are use cases, such as highly organic design, sculpting, concept design, generative design and
de-featuring for analysis, where a totally non-parametric toolset can be an excellent and sometimes the
best choice,” Furthermore, without the dependencies and history of parametric modeling, direct
modeling can eliminate some of the problems of poor parametric design.
Nonparametric modelling involves a direct approach to building 3D models without having to work with
provided parameters. Therefore, you will not be required to start with a 2D draft and produce a 3D model

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by adding different entities. This means you directly model your ideas without working with pre-set
constraints. That is also why nonparametric modelling is also known as direct modelling.
What is Parametric CAD Modelling?
Parametric modelling involves the building or design of 3D geometrical models piece by piece. The
process usually starts with a 2D sketch followed by the integration of constraints, dimensions, and
entities to form a defined 3D model.
These constraints, dimensions, and other entities are known as parameters. Therefore, modelling
techniques that make use of parameters are known as parametric modelling. Many of the CAD
applications currently in circulation today, employ the parametric approach to 3D modelling.
Comparing and Contrasting
To adequately compare both modelling options, a couple of criteria will be used. These criteria include:
ease of use, ability to edit, and modelling abilities. Starting with ease of use, parametric modelling works
within defined parameters. This makes it easy to use when you already have the required constraints to
work with. Therefore, you simply have to plan ahead and plug the constraints you have to build the 3D
model.
Nonparametric modelling is different. It does not require any rigorous application of constraints or
parameters. It basically allows you to manipulate the faces of a model according to what your design
requires. This makes it easy to design prototypes for industrial use. Therefore, when it comes to
designing truly organic, concepts, the nonparametric modelling technique is favoured by CAD users.
Moving to edits, parametric models keep ‘histories’ which define the different components in a model.
This means that if you modelled a machine, each component in the machine has its own history or
timeline. And if the need to edit your model comes up, you can easily select a component of the machine
and edit its geometry. This process will not alter any other components of the machine. But there is a
catch. Another CAD user must understand the history of the design when editing. If not, everything could
come crashing down.
For nonparametric modelling, edits can be done with ease. This is due to the elimination of histories that
may affect the entire design structure if changed. Therefore, CAD users can execute edits without fear of
disrupting the entire machine. But some hurdles must also be surmounted. The lack of specified
dimensions affects the editing process. Therefore executing edits may not produce predictable results
and could lead to imbalance.

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2.3 Softwares Used In Parametric Design
Why you should use a parametric modeling software?
These 3D programs are really great to see how the model directly changes when something is modified,
and you can easily reuse the data of a 3D model to create a new design. Parametric modeling software
is a really good tool for manufacturing. Indeed, it can reduce your production time as it can easily be
integrated inside of your manufacturing process.
There are different softwares used for parametric design. One of most used universal is grasshopper
which is used with rhinosoras.
Also dynamo is treading which is used with revit(BIM Software).
Below I have a short description about these two most used parametrics softwares used –
Grasshopper
Grasshopper 3D is a graphical parametric form generating tool, integrated into Rhinoceros 3D. It
requires no prior knowledge of programming and scripting and still allows the architects & designers to
generate complex parametric forms. The dimensions of the form are subjected to constraints and can
easily be altered by sliding the various parametric sliders in the Grasshopper model space.
Many plugins like Ladybug (Environmental analysis) Kangaroo Physics (Structural Analysis) can be
used for more analysis and better performance.
Dynamo
Dynamo often comes as a free plugin for use with Revit. However, there is also a standalone version of
Dynamo. This means you can choose to use it independently of Revit, though this requires payment of a
subscription fee. Much like Grasshopper, Dynamo is an open source software. This means it has a large
community around it that constantly builds new features for the studio.
Dynamo is well regarded for having one of the best geometry engines of any design package. This
makes working on complex elements easier. Further, the software slots well into the BIM workflow.
Dynamo allows you to make quick changes to your designs. Further, it allows you to customize your
designs on the fly. This saves a lot of time that you would otherwise spend on editing designs and
saving them as separate files.
The software also works with a large number of file types. As such, you can use it as a support tool for a
range of other software. One of the most common uses of this is exporting Revit design information into
Microsoft Excel files.
Dynamo is connected to Revit in a way that if the user changes something in Revit, it changes in
Dynamo too and vice versa. E.g. all the elements that exist in Revit, Dynamo can read them directly and
would be able to use them. Every node has their own function and their own programming code within

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them. The nodes can be numbers, inputs, outputs, strings coordinates etc. and depending on if the user
changes something in the nodes, the relating nodes changes too. Every node’s output can be connected
to several inputs and vice versa, every input can be connected to several outputs depending on the
node. Some nodes only have one input or output that can be connected with. The user can also hover
over the nodes for a small explanation.
Parametric design can be compared to a spreadsheet in e.g. excel. One can add as many equations,
constant and variables. Changing one parameter can change the results that are connected to a
particular parameter. This process can also be achieved with geometry. The method of parametric
design is to make the geometry’s parameter in relation with each other. It’s about the process of creating
a hierarchy of geometrical and mathematical relations that can create a model that can be manipulated
by changing certain parameters. The benefits of this process are being able to automatize and repeat
several tasks with no possibilities of human error. These tasks can be managed various times without
going through the entire calculations repeatedly.
An example of parametric design can be explained in Revit. E.g. if one changes the parameters of the
shape of a certain wall in the model, the rest of the variables changes with it. With Dynamo added, these
variables can be changed automatically. Dynamo also gains the access to Revits data structure which
allows even deeper controlling of the model elements.
2.4 Frei Otto soap bubble experiment
Frei Otto, an architect and engineer known for creating dazzling tensile structures that inspired
generations of architects to dangle roofs from poles and cables.
Created by suspending membranes on light steel networks, with column and cable supports, the
curving shapes that typified his work were influenced by the forms of tents, soap bubbles and
umbrellas.

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In 1961, he began to conduct a series of experiments with soap bubbles . His experiments centered
on suspending soap film and dropping a looped string into it to form a perfect circle. By then trying to
pull the string out a minimal surface was created. It was these created surfaces that Otto experimented
with.
Through these types of experimentation he was able to build forms and structures that were previously
believed to be impossible.
The roof of the West German Pavilion at the
World Expo in Montreal in 1967, designed by Mr. Otto
ABOVE FIGURES SHOWS HOW A STRUCUTURE CAN BE FORMED IN MANY WAYS

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3.1 CASES STUDY 1
BUILDING: Phoenix International Media Center
Location: Chaoyang Park, Beijing, northern China
Architects: BIAD UFo architects
Design Period: 2007-09
Site Area: 18,821 sqm
Height : 55m
Usage: Media office, broadcasting studio, restaurants, parking garage, utilities and
supporting facilities
Completed in 2014
Apart from the media office, the broadcasting studios and the production offices, the building
provides abundant open spaces for the public to get interactive experiences, which expresses the
unique operation concept of Phoenix Media.
The Phoenix International Media Center is a multipurpose and comprehensive architecture with
functions of television programming, offices and business. As is typical for a modern media
building it has a large broadcasting hall, as well as typical office floors stacked vertically.
The logic of the design concept is to create an ecological environment shell embraces the
Individual functional spaces as a building-in-building concept. The two independent office towers
under the shell generate many shared public spaces. In the east and west parts of the shared
spaces, there are continuous steps, landscape platforms, sky ramps and crossing escalators
which fill the building of energetic and dynamic spaces.

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The elevation difference between the southern and northern internal spaces are able to provide
quality of sunlight, ventilation and landscape view to the office towers, meanwhile avoiding glare
and noises for the broadcasting room. In addition, the elevation difference also avoids blocking
the sunshine to the residential building at the northern direction.

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In addition, energy-saving and low-carbon concepts are also applied in the building design.
Instead of setting drain pipe on the smooth surface, the rainwater will be collected by dropping
naturally along the structural ribs into the collection tank which locates at the bottom of the
building. After being filtered, the rain water will be recycled to water the artistic waterscape and
irrigation for landscape. Other than the aesthetic value of the architectural shape, during Beijing’s
windy winter time, the smooth surface and round shape also mitigate the severe street wind
effects from high-rise buildings. Meanwhile, the shell also provides a climate buffer space for the
functional spaces as an “Green Coat”.
The curtain wall of entire mobis strip consists of 4943 pieces of all different glass panel

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3.2 CASES STUDY 2
BUILDING: YAS HOTEL
Location: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates(UAE)
Architects: BENOY
Yas Viceroy hotel by Asymptote Architecture (designed by Hani Rashid and Anne Couture) is one of
two hotels that are designed in the marina area. The Viceroy is located within the F1 race track (Yas
Marina Circuit). The project was completed in 2010 and spans 85000 meter square.
The main feature here is the "grid shell" that spans 217 meters in a sweeping fashion made of steel and
glass panels
The lighting system (LED) also adds to the aesthetical value of the design. The curved surface as
mentioned covers the entire hotel structure
 FACADE -GRID SHELL FACADE AT ANGLE
 DIAMOND SHAPE GLASS PANEL
 SPACE FRAME WITH STEEL
 5800 PIVOTED GLASS PANEL
WHOLE ROOF STUCTURE REST ON FET V SHAPED STEEL COLUMN
model the hotel's main building masses.
Shows the Surface.

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the curves are first lofted to create the surface and afterwards relocated to its proper position. The way this was done, first
was to get the surface centroid and the centroid of the largest floor in the building. Second, was moving one of the
centroids to the other. Last, was to adjust the height of the surface and its edges from the building by moving its centroid
relatively to the centroid of the main body of the hotel.
The surface then was divided into segments to create both the panels and their supporting frame.
Shows the panels on the surface, all of the panels here are connected to each other to create a meshed surface.
panels were extracted and reduced in number

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complete project for this stage.

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3.3 CASES STUDY 3
BUILDING: Punjab Kesari Headquarters
Location: Chattarpur Farms, New Delhi, India
Architects: Studio Symbiosis Architects
Punjab Kesari Headquarters, an office in Delhi NCR that blends contemporary design with
traditional Indian architecture and an energy-efficient envelope. The sculptural building is
wrapped in a beautiful perforated facade that evokes traditional “Jali” screens and serves to
maximize natural light while minimizing heat gain.
Designed as “Fusion” of traditional Indian architecture and contemporary office space, the main
objective is to reduce heat gain and optimize façade opening ratio, ensuring no artificial lighting is
required on a typical day. An animated façade is designed as an outcome of different façade
opening ratio depending on the orientation.

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In a press release the architect explains:
A hexagonal pattern was used as a base and through iterative process various porosity patterns
were generated from it to create different light conditions. This resulted in a variable opacity
condition in the facade that had a dual purpose of creating performative architecture and also
created variable openings on the facade in various orientations generating a design for the
facade that is animating and has an inherent meaning. This resulting pattern morphs from 81%
opacity on the north facade to 27% opacity on the south facade, with an intermediate opacity of
54% on East and 62% on west facade respectively.

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Through this façade, a Lux level of 500 is achieved on each floor plate at a workstation height, as
well as a daylight factor of two over 80% of the floor plate. This optimized natural lighting plays a
major role in the sustainability of the project.
Its white, glass-reinforced concrete facade, which looks like a veil inspired by traditional Indian
decorations, is punctuated by different sized openings informed by solar orientation and digital
simulations.
The north facade, for instance, has a 81% opacity as compared to the 27% opacity on the south
side.
Set on the corner of an intersection, the 18,000-square-meter office space was created with the
objective of reducing heat gain and maximizing natural light to the point that no artificial lighting
would be needed on the typical day.

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Located at an urban corner in Delhi NCR the project looks at integrating with the surroundings
with two bold gestures. A sense of invitation with an urban lobby is created whereby the
landscape flows inside the building creating seamless movement trajectories.

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Being an office space the building is seen as an interaction zone by creating moments allowing
informal interaction. A central atrium connects the various floors creating a diffused boundary
condition and a visual porosity between people working on different floors. Since the design looks
at no artificial lighting it makes the user feel closer to nature and allow to work in natural lighting.
The office floors are dividable into smaller units to achieve flexible units ranging from 500 to
2000sqm.

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3.4 CASES STUDY 4
BUILDING: REGAL SHOES
LOCATION: GUWAHATI INDIA
ARCHITECTS: NURU KARIM
The facade of the retail store is defined by boxes that create a sense of flowing dynamism. The
depth pattern is giving the surface curvy form. Material: Composit panels
Design of the façade has a pixelated effect. To achieve that effect this way is followed:
· Surface with the 3d curves
· Dividing the surface by size of desired cube dimension
· Giving the depth of cubes

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Cubes' depth and the form of façade is defining by virtual curves. To get those curves and to be
able to manipulate surface, graph mapper component is used.

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CHAPTER - 4
CONCLUSION
4.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISVANTAGES IN PARAMETRISM
Advantages
While modeling in parametric software, by changing one parameter a new design can be developed.i.e
many alternatives can be made in a single sheet of sheet in one software without coping it many times.
It create these design iteration extremely fast.also it include integration like environmental
analysis,Physics and Structural Simulation, Clash test, etc. When architects specifically think about
free-form structures, parametric design gives them ‘a great opportunity for exploring more exciting forms’
Also it allows to make constraints do not change while working, a fixed constraints can be added and
work can be proceeded.
It tend in reducing the person-hours spent on exploring design, and the tedious activity of drawing
details that can be extracted from architectural models. Concisely, parametric design can bridge the gap
between the design and manufacture of the building. Parametrism provides with the best optimized
design solution to designer and help to built the most efficient form.
Also we get opportunity to design a facade in more optimized and enhance the aesthetic value of the
surrounding and building. It makes building different from the boring boxes and the illogical
ornamentation of building done by many young architects.
When designing the same facade or model or other project the same file with the similar constraints can
be used rather than creating a new file and starting molding from scratch.
Disadvantages
Everything in this universe comes with its benefits as well as constraints.
In parametric designing there are too, some arise from the parametric approach itself, which not only
changes the way architects design but also considerably alters the role of an architect in a design
office.
Another problem is Unnecessary Complexity with too much Information which seems unnecessary to
the clients and builders but it need a certain level of attention as the complex structure need more of
details in every part and analysis is important for the design to work in reality.
This complexity also brings about another issue: demand for more powerful computers.
Also for the parametric software's to work a high efficient computer systems are required and also the
package's for parametric tool are costly which is difficult for small offices or companies to work with.

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Architects argue that constraints sometimes confine the creativity of designers. Moreover, due to the
reactive structure developed by the software’s engineers, architects again find themselves restrained by
a preset of parameters. While some of these parameters are flexible, they still offer limited conditions.
a further issue related to the problem of education and training lies28. While there are great benefits to
using parametric programs, their ‘integration into a practice’29 is quite a big challenge. Practitioners
should learn how to use them properly and how to understand the overall management of them. More
likely, this is the reason why the number of those who know parametric software is remarkably lower
than the other practitioners in a design group
4.2 CONCLUSION
At then end I would like to conclude that parametrism is a upcoming trend going to blend with
contemporary architecture in India. Also parametrism in the developed countries is on some what
another level, there the parametrism 2.0 is like ended and they have made it to next level with their
advancement in software, technology, and a systematic approach in design.
Now using parametrism we can have a single file which can provide with all detail in executing the
project and making it highly efficient for a best performance of building with the material and get
enhance the urbanized value of the project and the area a4surrounding it.
It takes the urban design,its environment to another level and create a bonding between natural and
built environment. It also make building generate organically and making a sense of natural
development and a pleasant to eyes facades.
Also the traditional software's which takes almost all day will get switched to these bim and parametric
tools which increase efficiency in designing process and executing the project more conveniently.
But this also bring some draw bags which are pointed at the end of research paper which talks about
these tools used are costly and need a professional to work on with a high efficient computer system
and workflow.

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Bibliography
 The Challenges of Parametric Design in Architecture Today by Yasser Zarei
 https://issuu.com/mriganknath/docs/parametric_architecture_-_total_flu
 Design Parameters to Parametric Design by by Mitra Kanaani and Dak Kopec,
Routledge,Taylor and Franci
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMjzx6mokwg
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametricism#:~:text=Parametricism%20is%20a%20style%2
0within,Hadid%20(1950%E2%80%932016).
 https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Parametricism
 http://eqpmd.blogspot.com/2014/11/yas-viceroy-hotel-project1.html
 https://www.slideshare.net/HaneenFraihat/parametisim
 https://www.slideshare.net/itaico/lesson-1-parametric-design-2-final
 https://www.arch2o.com/10-parametric-plugins-every-architect-should-know/
 WORLD ARCHITECTURE WEBSITE
 RESEARCHGATE.NET
 www.arch2o.com › chh
 SOM.COM
 PINTEREST
 ARCHITECTMAGAZINE.COM
 DESIGNBOOM.COM
 http://www.iaacblog.com/programs/parametric-skins-facade-of-regal-shoes-nudes-office/
 NURU KARIM OFFICE
 https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:17
2092&datastreamId=FULL-TEXT.PDF

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