1. Al Andalus University
Faculty of Pharmacy
Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of
Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis and
Anthemis nobilis Widespread in The Syrian Coast
1 Rim M. Harfouch,
2 Manal Darwish
1 Department of microbiology and biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al
Andalus University, Tartous, Syria
2 Department of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Al Andalus University, Tartous, Syria
Faculty of pharmacy - AU1
8. Faculty of pharmacy - AU8
Scientific classification
AsteraceaeFamily
AnthemisGenus
nobilisSpecies
flowersUsed parts
9. Introduction
Anthemis nobilis
Chemical composition :
Coumarins
Flavoids
Essential oil
Popular use :
Carminative-vomiting
Sedative-Cosmetics
Pharmacological uses :
Carminative- anti-emetic
Antispasmodic-sedative properties
anti-inflammatory
antihistaminic
Faculty of pharmacy - AU9
10. Importance of the research
The wide spread of the plant in Syria (Qadmous) city and its
richness in active compounds
To enrich the national scientific library with a documented study.
This plants importance in the following domains :
Medical .
Cosmetics .
Economies .
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11. Research’s Goal
Determine the antibacterial efficacy of essential oils of
Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis leaves and Anthemis
nobilis flowers widespread in the Syrian coast against several
strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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13. Stages of research
Faculty of pharmacy -
AU
13
Collection of samples - classification
Essential oil extraction
Desiccation
Culture Preparation
Sensitivity test of the essential oils
Microdilution assay and MIC determination of
the essential oils
14. Stages of research and results
Plant collection and classification:1-
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Rosmarinus officinalis Salvia officinalis Anthemis nobilis
15. Stages of research and results
2- Essential oil extraction
- Determination of the amount of oil produced by
distillation using the Clevenger device.
Faculty of pharmacy - AU15
Anthemis
nobilis
Salvia
officinalis
Rosmarinu
s officinalis
plant
42.612Yield
ml/100 g
16. Stages of research and results
2- Essential oil extraction
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Rosmarinus officinalis
Salvia officinalis Anthemis nobilis
17. 3- Sensitivity test of the essential oils
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Stages of research and results
18. Stages of research and results
3- Sensitivity test of the essential oils
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Bacterial
strain
Rosmarinus
officinalis
Salvia
officinalis
Anthemis nobilis
Staphylococcus
aureus
20 12
No inhibition zone
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
9 7
No inhibition zone
Inhibition zone diameters (mm) of rosemary, sage and chamomile essential
oils
19. Stages of research and results
Microdilution
Faculty of pharmacy - AU19
sterilized nutrient broth
supplemented with Tween 80 at
final concentration of 0.5% (v/v).
Nine serial 1:1 dilutions: 50%, 25%,
12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56%, 0.78%
, 0.39% and 0.19%.
Positive and negative control
20. Stages of research and results
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4- Microdilution assay and MIC determination of the essential oils
21. Stages of research and results
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4- Microdilution assay and MIC determination of the essential oils
MIC of
Rosmarinus
officinalis
MIC of Salvia
officinalis
Staphylococcus
aureus
3.9 31.2
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
7.8 125
Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rosemary, sage and
chamomile essential oils (µl/ml)
22. Discussion
Faculty of pharmacy - AU22
• Rosemary and sage essential oils against the well-
known resistant bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil exhibited higher
antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus
aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than this of
Salvia officinalis
• MIC of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil against
Staphylococcus aureus was twice lower than MIC
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• (Hussain A. et al, 2010) and (Bozin et al, 2007)
23. Next steps
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Isolation and determination of active
chemicals in rosemary and Sage essential
oils using TLC, GC-MS
Determination of MBC for each bacterial
strain
Using of essential oils in pharmaceutical
formulation
24. Referance
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L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) Essential OilsJ. Agric. Food Chem. 55; 2007:7879–7885.
3. Bozin, B.; Mimica-Dukic, N.; Simin, N.; Anackov, G. Characterization of the Volatile Composition of Essential Oils of Some Lamiaceae
Species and the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Entire Oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54; 2006: 1822–1828.
4. Bruneton, J.. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants, 2nd ed.; Intercept Ltd.: London; 1999: pp 539–540.
5. Buchbauer, G.; Jirovetz, L. Aromatherapy-Use of Fragrances and Essential Oils as Medicaments. FlaVour Fragrance J., 9; 1994: 217–
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combination. Phytother Res. Oct; 21(10); 2007: 989-94.
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and antibacterial activities. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 41; 2010: 1070-1078.
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No 2; 2000: pp. 97 - 100.
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International Supplement. Wayne,PA, 2002: pp.M100-S12.
10. Tadrent W, Bachari K, Kabouche Z. Comparative Compositions and Antibacterial Activity of the essential oils of Anthemis nobilis l. and
Anthemis mixta l. (asteraceae). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol 8, Issue 7; 2016: 457-59.
11. Valero M, Salmerón MC. Antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against Bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth. Int J Food
Microbiol. 85; 2003:73–81.
12. Viljoen A, Vuuren SV, Ernst E, Klepser M, Demirci B, Baser H, Wyk BEV. Osmitopsis asteriscoides (Asteraceae)-the antimicrobial and
essential oil composition of a Cape-Dutch remedy. J Ethnopharmacol 88; 2003:137–143.Faculty of pharmacy - AU24